Question and Answer
17^th March 2005

What is the purpose of this RECEPTOL Question and Answer Discussion?

In our first discussion towards the later part of last year, we introduced RECEPTOL® and talked about its general application to good health and well-being. Tonight, we want to go a little further and start talking about specific conditions that RECEPTOL® can help with, by taking information from the public domain. In future conference calls we hope to discuss other conditions that RECEPTOL® can help with, but tonight we are going to talk about Allergies, what are they, how do they affect us, and what we can do to prevent allergies making a mess of our lives, using traditional treatments as well as understanding the unstable biochemical mechanisms in our bodies that are caused by allergens and how RECEPTOL® balances these chemical processes out.

Now beware, that for ‘us' to make some sort of link between RECEPTOL® and allergies, we have to use some medical terminologies to describe the processes going on in our bodies. We can't just make these comments about allergies without substantiating our words.

What are allergies?

Allergies are caused by an oversensitive immune system, which leads to a misdirected immune response. The immune system normally protects the body against harmful substances, such as bacteria and viruses. In contrast, an allergic reaction is when the immune system reacts to substances (allergens) that are generally harmless and in most people do not cause an immune response.

What are these allergens?

Some of the most common allergens are:

• dust mites (tiny insects that live in dust) a protein found in the dander (dry skin), saliva (spit), or other things from some animals
• grass, flower, and tree pollen (the fine dust from plants)
• mold and mildew (small living things that grow in damp places)
• foods, such as milk, wheat, soy, eggs, nuts, seafood, and legumes which include peas, beans, and peanuts, or
• latex

However, these inhaled allergens are our topic of discussion.

OK, so what are these inhaled allergies causes by?

The most common inhaled allergen is dust! More precisely, dust mites and their wastes (every house has them, no matter how clean), and during spring time pollen i.e. hayfever is more predominant.

As an aside, symptoms are generally worst in the early morning, for 2 reasons:

• pollen counts are highest
• you've been sleeping for hours in a room filled with dust and/or mold

What happens in the body during an-allergic reaction?

In a person with allergies, the first exposure to the allergen triggers the immune system to recognize the substance. Any exposure after that will usually result in symptoms.

When an allergen enters the body of a person with a sensitized immune system, histamine and other chemicals are released by certain cells. This causes itching, swelling, mucus production, muscle spasms, hives, rashes, and other symptoms.

In its attempt to protect the body, it creates specific IgE antibodies to that food. The next time the individual is exposed to that airborne allergen, the immune system releases massive amounts of chemicals and histamines in order to protect the body. These chemicals trigger a cascade of allergic symptoms that can affect the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, or cardiovascular system.

What are the common symptoms of a reaction?

Symptoms vary in severity from person to person. Most people have symptoms that cause discomfort without being life-threatening. A few people have life-threatening reactions (called anaphylaxis).

Symptoms range from a tingling sensation in the mouth, swelling of the tongue and the throat, difficulty breathing, hives, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, CLEAR runny nose and sneezing, itchy or stuffed nose, itchy and runny eyes, lethargy, asthma drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness, to death. Symptoms typically appear within minutes to two hours after the person has been exposed to the allergen which he or she is allergic.

What is the best treatment for allergies?

Your doctor will probably suggest ways to stay away from the allergen or prescribe a medicine for you to try. Allergy medicine can be pills, liquids, or even sprays for your nose. If your allergies aren't too bad or if you can avoid the allergen completely, you might not need to take medicine - staying away from the allergen might be enough to control your allergy.

If your symptoms don't get better by staying away from allergens and taking medicines, an allergist might recommend allergy shots. These shots make your immune system less sensitive to the allergens and can make your symptoms better.

Is there a cure for allergies?

Currently, there are no medications that ‘cure' allergies, but various treatments including anti-histamine drugs and Mast Cell Stabilizers are used to relieve symptoms. However, strict avoidance of allergens is the only way to prevent a reaction.

How do these drugs relieve allergy symptoms?

Firstly, anti-histamines are just that, they block to histamine chemicals that are produced from a IgE covered host or mast cells in an allergic reaction, rendering them inactive. So that is anti-histamines.

Secondly, Mast-cell stabilizers are another allergy medication option. These medications work by preventing mast cells from setting the allergic reaction into action. A mast cell can be thought of as a balloon filled with chemical mediators: when an allergy-causing pollen attacks, the mast cell bursts, releasing numerous chemicals. Among these chemicals are histamine and many others that contribute to itching, redness, and swelling. A mast-cell stabilizer that keeps all of those chemicals from spilling out can be extremely helpful in preventing an allergic reaction from starting. However, it must be used before the allergic reaction occurs.

Finally, in more severe allergic reactions, adrenaline based drugs, are the best type of medications of choice.

What are the alternatives to these current drug treatments for allergic reactions?

Various allergy and asthma universities and research centers in Europe and the United States are investigating the option of modulating cytokine levels in the body during an allergic reaction. It is well understood that these cytokine levels become unstable during allergic reactions and may be the triggers that produce these allergy symptoms. If it would be possible to stabilize these cytokine levels it may reduce or eliminate allergy symptoms.

RECEPTOL has Proline-Rich Polypeptides that are used in the production of many-many cytokines such as TNF-alpha that modulate cytokine levels and thus indirectly aids in the natural control of cytokine production, which has an effect on our immune system.

It has been realized early on that manipulation of the cytokine network may interfere selectively with specific functions. This prospect has created a lot of excitement and scientists are working on many different applications. RECEPTOL is just that. It modulates or stabilizes an overactive or suppressed immune system by ‘normalizing' the cytokine levels in the body. Various laboratories have investigated INTERLEUKIN4 and other cytokines which are involved in allergy and asthma.

What are these cytokines?

Cytokines are soluble proteins which are predominantly produced by cells of the immune system. They are related to hormones, but have usually local rather than systemic functions. Immune cells communicate with each other and with the surrounding tissue by secreting cytokines, and by expressing receptors which allow themselves to get stimulated by cytokines. The cytokine network is an important communication system involved in regulating and coordinating immunity.

What cytokines are altered during an allergic reaction?

Allergy develops if a particular cytokine is produced while an allergen enters the body and the body recognizes this foreign invader. If this cytokine, called ‘interleukin-4' is present during such a contact, an allergic immune response is initiated. The immune system gets is right most of the time and nearly all people react against parasites and ignore allergens, but those who react in this way to an allergen develop allergy against this specific stimulus. Allergen plus INTERLEUKIN4 leads to allergy.

However, INTERLEUKIN4 is not the only important cytokine in allergy. INTERLEUKIN13 is unable to shift the immune system towards allergy. In many cases INTERLEUKIN13 is even the more important cytokine, since it is produced for a longer time and to higher levels than INTERLEUKIN4. Since INTERLEUKIN4 and INTERLEUKIN13 are important for maintaining and organizing allergic immunity, an inhibitor would be expected to be therapeutically useful. A cytokine modulator, such as RECEPTOL, naturally can modulate the instability in these Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 levels.

What scientific studies have validated these ideas?

In controlled laboratory animal models with mice have suggested that inhibiting INTERLEUKIN-4/INTERLEUKIN-13 is useful in reducing the symptoms of asthma. Scientists have shown that controlling the levels of mouse INTERLEUKIN-4 completely prevented allergic sensitization in a non-asthma situation. Now scientists are trying to use cytokine inhibition for curing rather then preventing allergies. RECEPTOL®, a peptide-based cytokine inhibitor, can suppress these INTERLEUKIN-4/INTERLEUKIN-13 levels and suppress over-reactive immune system that lead to allergy symptoms.

What human models have validated these ideas?

Many anecdotal and testimonial reports have indicated that RECEPTOL® can help reduce the symptoms of allergies. For example, many reported cases within the GLOBALCEUTICALS INT'L INC. family have shown to have their allergy symptoms relieved. In fact the first observable health benefit in taking RECEPTOL® is the relief of allergies. Generally, we can hear about all the scientific mechanisms of how RECEPTOL® works in the body, but until people experience these benefits themselves, people are usually not convinced.

Are there any other cytokines and processes involving cytokines involved with allergies in humans and mammals?

Yes. INTERLEUKIN-4 and INTERLEUKIN-13 are by no means the only cytokines involved in allergy. Other relevant factors are for example INTERLEUKIN-5, which is responsible for asthmatic symptoms, and INTERLEUKIN-9, which is enhancing many disease-associated features of asthma. A special class of cytokines are the chemokines, these attract inflammatory compounds into the tissue, and cooperate to organize inflammatory processes in asthma.

We are interested to understand the molecular interaction between pollutants and the immune system. We could indeed show that specific substances from the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons especially in city centers, commonly called SMOG, are able to up-regulate expression of INTERLEUKIN-4. Scientists now are continuing their investigations of several other cytokine and chemokine promoters for effects of these components.

Understanding these mechanisms in polluted city centers would allow to further identify which substances in pollutant particles are actually interfering with immune function, and may require monitoring and regulation. The identification of new molecular mechanisms for modulating expression of chemokines and cytokines may even reveal new targets for therapeutic manipulation of the cytokine network, especially in asthmatic persons in urban centers.

Aside from all this heavy chemistry about cytokines, what do you think is going to happen in the next few years in the application of natural products such as RECEPTOL® to specific health conditions?

Basically, as far as I can see, three things will happen in the next few years.

1. We will keep the status-quo in pumping trillions of dollars into dealing with peoples health problems with synthetic or biochemical drugs, or
2. The big companies will start incorporating more and more natural products in there drug production, as long as they can protect their intellectual property, or
3. Natural products will become more and more used to help people with their health concerns, as long as there is enough clinical data to support their structure and function claims.

Scientists are currently working on developing new synthetic drug systems that stabilize cytokine function...that's right synthetic chemicals produced in a test tube to artificially suppress the symptoms of allergies and asthma. These artificial drugs can be detrimental to our health of you take enough of them for extended periods of time.

We all know the fine print that you get when you get a medication for a particular ailment, it tells us or all the harmful things that could happen to us should we take this drug... but wait! Natures goodness that delivers natural solutions to medical diseases, is now harnessed in RECEPTOL® and we ‘may' now have the answer to Allergies, naturally, with no side effects, at least that is the consensus from the people that have taken RECEPTOL® for allergy relieve.

It tastes good and corrects the cytokine imbalances that are caused by Allergens. We spend billions of dollars looking in the wrong places from answers to our health concerns. Nature has that answer, but since you cannot hold a product patent on natures products the is not enough money in it for the big pharmaceutical companies.

Some large companies are showing an interest in using natural products, which is promising, but they would not say that they are getting them from nature or everybody else will start to copy it. However, it is important in GLOBALCEUTICALS INT'L INC. to help people with there health conditions as cheaply as possible. Let's get back into the mode of helping people with their health rather than help them unload the money in there pockets.

So get your RECEPTOL® today and help treat allergies...naturally.

Do you have any final comments about RECEPTOL and Allergies?

Currently, RECEPTOL® is the only peptide product that can modulate cytokine levels in the human body and mammals.

RECEPTOL® not only helps with Allergies but remember RECEPTOL® has wide ranging health benefits to us all. Just take the spray twice a day and you should feel better throughout the day. It's inexpensive but effective. The GLOBALCEUTICALS INT'L INC. philosophy is to help all of us with our own health conditions, and do this naturally and inexpensively. Nature already has the answers to our health problems, now that scientists are continuing to find these answers in nature lets all get well and enjoy our lives.

 

PRODUCT MANUFACTURE & SPECIFICATION REPORT MIRACLE GROWTH FACTORS PLUS® ORAL SPR
PRODUCT NAME:Miracle Growth Factors Plus	PRODUCT CODE: 1801400205
PRODUCT TYPE: Sublingual Oral Spray	PRODUCT SIZE: 1 oz Glass Bottle
BATCH NO: 10485	H.T.S.CODE: 2106.10
MANUFACTURING DATE: 10 April 2006	SHELF LIFE: 2 years from MGF date
APPEARANCE: Non-Viscous Slate Color Liquid	FLAVOUR: Lemon / Lime
STORAGE: Store in cool place Recommend 15 - 25 Deg C	INTENDED USE: Dietary Supplement Food preparation.
DOSE DELIVERY: 0.10 MLS / spray	CERTIFICATION: GCI USA
ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Growth factor Matrix. Q.A. MARKER: Insulin Growth factor 1 ( IGF 1 ). EXCIPIENT: Xylitol. All ingredients are quantified and standardized at time of input

 

Product Name: Miracle Growth Factors (MGF)® Product Code: 18014 00205

 Date: 02/04/05 Prepared By: Cliff Bellaney

 Unit Product Weight: 1 ounce

Component

Results

Unit

Deionized Water % Protein % DM Fat % DM Ash Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulphur Magnesium Calcium Zinc Copper Iron Selenium Carbohydrates, Total Fat, Total Protein, Crude Energy Potassium Sodium Cobalt IGF-1

85.80 41.23 2.70 0.20 13.00 <100.00 0.80 8.40 59.00 0.65 0.25 7.50 <0.10 14.70 0.10 2.40 295.40 500.00 1200.00 <0.10 500.20

g/100g % % g/100g mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg g/100g g/100g g/100g kj/100g mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg ng/ml

 

Velvet demonstrates androgenic and gonadotrophic effects, meaning that it helps to regulate the activity of the sex organs. The sex hormones estrone, testosterone and a substance similar to progesterone have been identified at low levels and together with the high levels of amino acids present in higher graded velvet may help to explain the belief throughout the Orient that consuming velvet invigorates the sexual energy.

Blood Building and the Reduction of Blood Pressure

Antler velvet has long been recognized as being effective for increasing both the volume and the circulation of blood through the body. As a specific remedy in traditional medicine for anaemia it has been shown in experiments to have a potent erythropoetic effect, meaning that it stimulates the formation of red blood cells.

Velvet not only builds blood but research has shown that it also has a strong influence on blood pressure - one of its major properties is the lowering of blood pressure, and since it is so easily demonstrated is widely used as a test for its biological activity. Velvet has also been shown to restore blood pressure to normal in both hypo- and hyper-tensive patients.

Anti-stress and Anti-aging Effects

Experimental research has demonstrated that velvet preparations can protect the body from stress such as heat, cold and electric shock. Russian studies report that patients treated with velvet extract prior to surgery had significantly lower levels of stress indicators in the blood. According to another Russian researcher, Dr Korobkov, velvet extract acts "by accelerating the body's natural restorative processes and by increasing the body's resistance to unfavorable external influence."

Recent Chinese research suggests that velvet preparations showed anti-aging effects by reducing signs of senility, very possibly due to its hormonal effects.

Accelerated Healing Effects in Injuries and Wounds

One of the outstanding properties of antler velvet is its ability to alleviate the pain of inflammation, such as joint pain, swelling and tissue injury. In other studies from Japan, velvet extract has been shown to speed up the healing of damaged nerve tissue and also aids in the recovery of patients suffering from cervical and whiplash injuries.

It has been suggested that the high concentrations of hormone like substances in deer velvet are responsible for the rapid tissue repair after injury, or even the cartilaginous concentration of the antler itself. Over 35 years ago Dr john F. Prudden and other researchers discovered such elements in cartilage as N-Acetyl-Glucosamine, glycosaminoglycans and synoviocytes that have all been associated with accelerated wound healing. These elements may well be one of the primary reasons why arthritics are helped so much by such substances as shark cartilage and deer velvet.

Anti-Cancer and AIDS research

While there is no evidence to date showing that velvet actually cures cancer, Russian experiments have shown it to increase the survival rate, and in some instances, to inhibit the spread of tumor cells. Present clinical trials run by AgResearch in Korea are showing positive results, with the velvet extract increasing the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs while at the same time reducing their side effects.

As an immune enhancer for patients with HIV, velvet is also undergoing studies at the Institute for Traditional Medicine in California.

To list all of the therapeutic claims for this precious substance of the deer is far beyond the scope of this article. But as the potency of velvet, "the greatest source of yang energy" and its attributes become better known, many Westerners will surely become converts to this wonderfully safe and natural remedy.

The first topic I would like to talk to you about is Angiogenesis - that is the growth of blood vessels. As you all know deer velvet grows at up to 2cm per day. This means that all support tissues, including blood vessels must also grow at that rate. The question is how can they do this? Is it possible that deer velvet possesses unique factors which can allow blood vessels to grow that fast - and if so how can we exploit this knowledge?

One way of showing that a substance causes blood vessel growth is to test it on fertilized chicken's eggs. As the chicken embryo develops in the egg, blood vessels grow out and surround the egg white. It is possible to treat small areas with test substances; those that reduce blood vessel growth will leave a space, those that stimulate blood vessel growth will cause an increase in the density of blood vessels. On the left of the screen there is a control - you can see some blood vessels and on the right there is a treated egg. This egg was actually treated with purified growth factors, but deer velvet operates in exactly the same way. You can see the increase in the number of blood vessels."

A second way of showing that deer velvet causes blood vessels to grow is to take small pieces of adult deer arteries and put them in tissue culture. You can then add test substances and see if they cause outgrowths. In this figure we have taken a small slice of deer carotida artery and treated it with deer velvet extract. You can clearly see filamentous threads of new blood vessels growing out from the artery. This means that the deer velvet extract causes new blood vessels to grow.

Taking these results together it is clear that there are factors in deer velvet which promote blood vessel growth. There are likely to be therapeutic properties, for example in tissue repair and wound healing which are being actively pursued.

Deer velvet is unique in that it is the only mammalian organ to fully regenerate each year. It follows that there are likely to be unique factors which are responsible for this property.
We have developed a system to identify genes which are only expressed - that is, make proteins - in antler. This slide shows 3 genes which are clearly present in the antler and not in the deer body - the rather smudgy bands indicate the gene is working in antler and not body tissue. The need now is to find out what these genes are doing, and is the function novel and commercially exploitable. Function is the key for a patentable finding.

We can use a number of techniques to help us determine function. This figure shows, on the right, a piece of velvet under the microscope and on the left the same piece of velvet which has been treated to show that a gene of interest is present. The lighter areas, which are around blood vessels, indicate that this gene probably is involved with blood vessel growth. We know of other genes which are found only around new bone synthesis. Such information gives clues as to function. No single technique can answer all the questions and we need a set of techniques to be sure of novel function.

So we can conclude that there are novel factors in deer velvet, which we can find, which are not present elsewhere in the body. These factors could be markers for deer velvet in dietary supplements or be novel action ingredients for new supplements.

Deer velvet may contain a liver protecting factor, and indeed some recently released Canadian data points to this. We have looked at whether NZ deer velvet is effective by measuring the levels of liver enzymes which are raised when the liver is damaged. We also had the opportunity to look at the effect of deer velvet processing techniques on liver protecting factors.

The data shows that for 2 liver enzymes, AST and AL T, levels were lower - indication of less damage - in animals fed deer velvet compared to controls. The freeze dried deer velvet appeared slightly better than heat processed deer velvet in this respect. We can conclude that, in this model NZ deer velvet exerted a liver protection effect. So in terms of science achievement we have new results in 4 key areas.

Some further recent references

Toxicological evaluation of New Zealand deer velvet powder. Part I: acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies in rats.

Zhang-H; Wanwimolruk-S; Coville-PF; Schofield-JC; Williams-G; Haines-SR;
Suttie-JM

Food-and-Chemical-Toxicology. 2000, 38: 11, 985-990; 13 ref.

Potential toxic effects of acute and subchronic dosage regimens of deer velvet powder have been assessed in rats following OECD guidelines. In the acute study, rats of both sexes were exposed to a single dose of 2 g/kg body weight. There was no mortality or other signs of toxicity during 14 days' observation. Furthermore, no significant alteration either in relative organ weights or their histology was discernible at terminal autopsy. In the 90-day subchronic study, deer velvet was administered in 1 g/kg daily doses by gavage to rats. A control group of rats received water only. There was no effect on body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, haematology and most parameters of blood chemistry including carbohydrate metabolism, liver and kidney function. No significant
differences were seen between the mean organ weights of the adrenal, kidney and brain in rats treated with deer velvet and control rats.

However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the group mean relative liver weight (3.52±0.30 vs 3.81±0.26 g/100 g body weight) of deer velvet-treated and control male rats. The gross necropsy and pathological examination of rats treated with deer velvet did not reveal any
abnormalities in tissue morphology. Based on these results, it may be concluded that rats had no deer velvet treatment-related toxicological and histopathological abnormalities at the doses administered, despite the observed minor changes in liver weight.

Cells in regenerating deer antler cartilage provide a microenvironment that
supports osteoclast differentiation.

Faucheux-C; Nesbitt-SA; Horton-MA; Price-JS

Journal-of-Experimental-Biology. 2001, 204: 3, 443-455; Many ref.

Lysophosphatidylcholine derived from deer antler extract suppresses hyphal
transition in Candida albicans through MAP kinase pathway.

Min-Juyoung; Lee-YounJin; Kim-YoungAh; Park-HyunSook; Han-SoYeop; Jhon
-GilJa; Choi-Wonja; Min-J; Lee-YJ; Kim-YA; Park-HS; Han-SY; Jhon-GJ; Choi-W

Biochimica-et-Biophysica-Acta,-Molecular-and-Cell-Biology-of-Lipids. 2001,
1531: 1-2, 77-89; 35 ref.

A family of 2-lysophosphatidylcholines (lyso-PCs) was isolated from deer antler extract, guided exclusively by hyphal transition inhibitory activity in Candida albicans. Structural determination of the isolated lyso-PCs by spectroscopic methods, including infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, 2D correlation spectroscopy NMR, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, confirmed that the natural products were composed of at least 4 different
lyso-PCs varying in fatty acid moiety at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone.

The major lyso-PCs were confirmed as 1-stearoyl-, 1-oleoyl-, 1-linoleoyl- and 1-palmitoyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholines. Lyso -PC specifically suppressed the morphogenic transition from yeast to hyphae in C. albicans, without affecting the growth of either yeast or hyphae. Lyso-PC exerted hyphal transition that suppressed activity in the broad spectrum of the Candida species, such as C. albicans, C. krusei, C.
guilliermondii and C. parapsilosis. Northern analysis indicated that the uppression was mediated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): associations with serum testosterone, morphometrics and age during and after the breeding season.

Ditchkoff-SS; Spicer-LJ; Masters-RE; Lochmiller-RL

Comparative-Biochemistry-and-Physiology.-A,-Molecular-and-Integrative
-Physiology. 2001, 129: 4, 887-895; 57 ref.

Our understanding of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in cervids has been limited mostly to its effects on antler development in red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and pudu (Pudu puda). Although IGF-I has been found to play a critical role in reproductive function of other mammals, its role in reproduction of deer is unknown. The objectives of the present study were to determine if serum levels of IGF-I change during the breeding season, assess whether
age influences serum IGF-I, compare levels of IGF-I measured during and following the breeding season, and determine if IGF-I is associated with body and antler characteristics in free-ranging adult, male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We collected serum and morphometric data from hunter-harvested and captured white-tailed deer to investigate these objectives. Mean level of serum IGF-I during the breeding season was 63.6 ng/ml and was greatest in deer between 2.5 and 5.5 years old (57.4-79.9 ng/ml). Levels of serum IGF-I decreased by approximately 40% as the breeding season progressed, but levels were less in deer following the breeding season (34.6 ng/ml). Both body and antler size were associated positively with IGF-I when controlling for age. Serum testosterone was also associated positively with IGF-I. Levels of serum testosterone during the breeding season generally increased with age from 4.82 (1.5 years old) to 18.79 ng/dl (5.5 years old), but decreased thereafter. These data suggest that IGF-I may be an important hormone in breeding, male white-tailed deer.

Potential uses of velvet antler as nutraceuticals, functional and medical
foods in the West.

Sunwoo-HH; Sim-JS

Journal-of-Nutraceuticals,-Functional-and-Medical-Foods. 2000, 2: 3, 5-23;
38 ref.

Velvet antlers have been used as Oriental medicine for many centuries.Traditional medical reports and clinical observations from the Eastern world convincingly show that velvet antler is biologically active. However, little information is available on chemical and biological efficacy of antler products in the West due to the incomplete understanding of the uses and pharmacological properties of velvet antlers. To make antler products acceptable as nutraceuticals and functional foods in the West, antler research has been conducted to isolate and characterize the chemical and biological properties of velvet antlers. The chemical composition of antler was determined in four
sections (tip, upper, middle, and base). Contents of dry matter, collagen, ash, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium increased (P<0.05), and those of protein and lipid decreased (P<0.05) downward from the tip to the base.

The concentrations of uronic acid, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and sialic acid decreased (P<0.05) downward. Amino acid and fatty acid contents, expressed as percentage of total protein and lipid, respectively, also varied (P<0.05) among sections. The yield of chondroitin sulfate (CS) was approximately six fold greater in the cartilaginous (tip and upper) sections than in the bony (middle and base) sections. In addition to CS, the antler sections contained small amounts of keratan sulfate (KS), hyaluronic acid, and dermatan sulfate. Two proteoglycans associated with GAGs were also extracted from the cartilaginous section; a large aggregated proteoglycan with CS and KS and small molecules of decorin. Water soluble extracts rich in GAG stimulated
the growth of bovine fibroblast in culture. Feeding antler diet for 54 days showed a significant effect on the growth rate of immunized rats. Diet antler powder resulted in a significant increase of HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (P<0.05). The result appears to reflect the involvement of unknown factor(s) derived from the antler diet suggesting the importance for the prevention of the risk of coronary heart disease. Haematocrit value and iron content in plasma also significantly increased by feeding antler powder (P<0.05). The data suggest that there are significant unknown factor(s) in the antler powder that enhances the biological performance of growing rats.

Effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 and testosterone on the
proliferation of antlerogenic cells in vitro.

Li-ChunYi; Littlejohn-RP; Suttie-JM; Li-CY

Journal-of-Experimental-Zoology. 1999, 284: 1, 82-90; 27 ref.

The aim of this study was to use cell culture techniques to investigate how testosterone and IGF1 affects the proliferation of antlerogenic cells from the four ossification stages of pedicle/antler in vitro. The results showed that in serum-free medium IGF1 stimulated the proliferation of antlerogenic cells from all four ossification stages (intramembraneous
(IMO), transistional (OPC), pedicle endrochondral (pECO) and antlerenfochondral (aECO)) in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, testosterone alone did not show any mitogenic effects on these antlerogenic cells.

However, in the presence of IGF1, testosterone increased proliferation of the antlerogenic cells from the IMO and the OPC stages (pedicle tissue), and reduced proliferation of the antlerogenic cells from transformation point (TP) and aECO stages (antler tissue). Therefore, the results from the present in vitro study support the in vivo findings that androgen hormones stimulate pedicle formation but inhibit antler growth. The change
in the mitogenic effects of testosterone on antlerogenic cells from positive to negative occurs approximately at the change in ossification type from OPC to pECO. Therefore, these results reinforce the hypothesis that the transformation from a pedicle to an antler takes place at the time when the ossification type changes from OPC to pECO rather than at the time when the pedicle grows to its full species-specific height.

Seasonal changes of testis volume, scrotal circumference and serum
testosterone concentrations in male sika deer (Cervus nippon).

Kameyama-Y; Takahashi-R; Ito-M; Maru-R; Ishijima-Y

Animal-Science-Journal. 2000, 71: 2, 137-142; 23 ref.

Annual changes in the concentration of serum testosterone (T) in sika deer stags were examined. The relationships between T concentration and the size of testis, and between T concentration and the antler cycle were also evaluated. T concentration increased between July and September, then decreased between October and November. The highest T concentration was noted in September or October. During the period from November to the following July, T concentration remained low. The volume of the testis and scrotal circumference showed changes similar to those in the T concentration. The testis volume showed clearer seasonal changes than those of the scrotal circumference. Shedding of velvets was observed during the period of high T concentrations. It is concluded that there are distinct annual changes in the blood T concentration in sika deer stags, which are related to the annual changes in testis volumes, scrotal circumferences and antlers.

Antinarcotic effects of the velvet antler water extract on morphine in mice.

Kim-HackSeang; Lim-HwaKyung; Park-WooKyu; Kim-HS; Lim-HK; Park-WK

Journal-of-Ethnopharmacology. 1999, 66: 1, 41-49; 35 ref.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antinarcotic effects of velvet antler water extract (VAWE) from Cervus elaphus on morphine in mice. Morphine-induced analgesic action was measured by the tail-flick method. Morphine-induced hyperactivity and reverse tolerance were evidenced by measuring the enhanced ambulatory activity using a tilting -type ambulometer. Dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity in mice
displaying morphine-induced reverse tolerance was evidenced by the enhanced response in ambulatory activity to the DA agonist, apomorphine. The repeated administration of VAWE significantly inhibited the development of morphine-induced analgesic tolerance, physical dependence,
reverse tolerance and postsynaptic DA receptor supersensitivity. But a single administration of VAWE neither antagonized morphine-induced analgesia nor inhibited morphine-induced hyperactivity. From the above results, it is presumed that VAWE may be useful for prevention and therapy of the adverse actions of morphine caused by the repeated administration of morphine.

Effect of water-soluble extract from antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on
the growth of fibroblasts.

Sunwoo-HH; Nakano-T; Sim-JS

Canadian-Journal-of-Animal-Science. 1997, 77: 2, 343-345; 7 ref.

Water-soluble extracts were prepared from the tip sections of antlers of 4 -year-old wapiti stags, and the effect of the extract on the growth of bovine skin fibroblasts in culture was examined. The results showed the presence of growth promoting factor(s) in the antler extract. The stimulation of cell growth was found to be dose-dependent (P<0.05).

Glycosaminoglycans from growing antlers of wapiti (Cervus elaphus).
Sunwoo-HH; Sim-LYM; Nakano-T; Hudson-RJ; Sim-JS

Canadian-Journal-of-Animal-Science. 1997, 77: 4, 715-721; 33 ref.

The emerging wapiti industry in North America is based largely on markets for velvet antlers which are used in oriental medicine. Despite the economic opportunity, enthusiasm has been dampened by incomplete understanding of the chemical and pharmacological properties of velvet antler. This study characterizes polysaccharide constituents of glycosaminoglycans in growing antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus).
Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from four sections (tip, upper, middle and base) of growing antlers, and were studied using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, enzymic digestion and gel chromatography. The tip and upper sections of the antler which are rich in cartilaginous tissues contained chondroitin sulfate as a major
glycosaminoglycan with small amounts of hyaluronic acid. In the middle and base sections containing bone and bone marrow, chondroitin sulfate was also a major glycosaminoglycan with small amounts of hyaluronic acid and chondroitinase-ACI resistant materials. More than half of chondroitin sulfate from the middle and base sections had larger molecular size than did the chondroitin sulfates from the tip and upper sections.

 

A University of Saskatchewan professor of physiology has found scientific evidence that elk velvet antler (EVA) may protect the liver from disease. Dr. Susan Hemmings, who has established a research program committed to assessing the impact of nutraceuticals on the liver, is a professor in the Department of Physiology at the College of Medicine. Her interest in and work with elk velvet antler was prompted by a curiosity that extends to all aspects of her life.

"Three years ago, I was at a mini trade show in our community, and stopped at a booth where elk velvet antler was being promoted," she explains. "First, they corrected my misunderstanding of the velvet antler. I thought it was the velvet on the outside of the elk antler, but I learned it is the inner core of the antler harvested during the velvet stage. I was interested 100%."

The composition of the antler core intrigued her. At the velvet stage, it has not ossified into bone, but is a gelatinous material that is highly vascular and full of nutrients, including growth factors. She could visualize it as an effective nutraceutical and wanted to test it on the liver.

The liver is essential to life and performs a myriad of functions. It is involved in the processing of the food we eat and keeping the levels of nutrients constant in the body. It produces proteins essential for clotting of the blood, immunoglobulins needed for immunity. It protects the body by selectively filtering the blood removing harmful viruses, bacteria and foreign materials. It is critically involved in detoxification and removal of harmful chemicals that enter the body. But the liver is sensitive to being damaged and damage is involved in the development of liver disease.

There are over 100 different forms of liver disease. Presently liver disease affects one in 12 Canadians and is the fourth leading cause of death, according to the Canadian Liver Foundation. It is increasing and there are no effective treatments.

"The only real treatment we have is transplantation. While we are learning a great deal about this, and have made many strides, there will never be enough livers to go around," Hemmings said.

Because the liver is so easily damaged, Hemmings' first concern was the toxicity of elk velvet antler. Her research, however, detected no signs of any negative effects on the growth, behavior or health of the animals and no evidence of any toxic effect on the liver. This extends other studies done by such researchers as Dr. Jeong Sim, a scientist at the University of Alberta. Her studies were carried out in adults as well as animals that has consumed velvet antler from before birth until adulthood. Further, the addressed the specific question of liver toxicity. She said lack of toxicity was an important first step before antler would be accepted as a medicine.

When the liver is in good health, one particular enzyme, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, or GGT, is found in lower amounts in the liver. But the enzyme's levels are elevated in liver disease.

"We found that the rats that were fed with antler velvet in their rat chow had a decrease in GGT (compared with control group rats). We felt that the antler velvet was providing some protection for the liver," she said.

Next, Hemmings treated rats with the powerful liver damaging chemical carbon tetrachloride to induce a moderate level of liver damage. They were tested for another enzyme, transaminase. This enzyme is present inside the healthy liver cell. It is released from the liver into the blood-stream if serious liver damage has occurred. The animals that had been fed the antler velvet showed a 300% drop in transaminase levels compared to the control group.

"We now know the antler is having a protective effect. We need to know more. I need to study this further," she said. For example, further research is needed to determine whether elk velvet antler will facilitate healing of damaged livers as well as protecting them from disease. There is some other research that suggests EVA promotes tissue healing. Hemmings is particularly interested in assessing the benefits of EVA in various liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Hemmings' initial research was self-funded. Recently she has received a $10,000 (USD) grant from the Elk Research Council of the North American Elk Breeders Association.

Dr. Hemmings would ideally like to have $80,000 (USD) over the next two years to complete a comprehensive series of studies on elk velvet. She has applied for government funding to support her research program. However, success with governments is predicated on evidence of industry's strong financial support for her research.

One of the many benefits that Hemmings sees from being able to complete additional research studies is to legitimize EVA as a nutraceutical and potential medicine. She said that her colleagues and traditional funding foundations currently view elk velvet as akin to "snake oil." Positive results from her work will attract additional resources and funding for more research into the health benefits of this product.

I believe this type of research is essential for the elk industry to develop profitable markets for EVA in North America. Dr. Hemmings is committed to doing her part, so let's do ours.

Dr. Susan Hemmings, 
Professor Department of Physiology 
College of Medicine 
University of Saskatchewan 

Researchers have now determined that one of the main components of antler extract is IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) which is highly concentrated during rapid growth of antler. This same IGF-1 is found in humans and is necessary for growth and development. IGF-1 influences tissue and organ structure in both deer and humans.

Making IGF-1 from antler extract available to healthcare professionals and consumers will provide a new dimension of health care. IGF-1 antler extract can be used as a nutritional or neutraceutical supplement to replace IGF-1 deficiencies. The insulin-like growth factors (IGF's) have become the focus of intense research for the past decade. The IGF family consists of insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 which participate in the growth and function of most organs in the body. Because of the wide range of their biological effects and their potential to support so many body systems, IGF research is expected to continue at an accelerated pace, with advances in antler science supplying the necessary fuel.

Thanks to years of research and experience, it appears that antler extracts work optimally by using the product for 2 to 3 weeks straight and then taking 1 week off and then resuming for 2 to 3 week use again. This cycle can be used indefinitely for both endurance and strength athletes.

IGF-1 is a polypeptide compound produced from HGH (Human Growth Hormone). The vast majority of strength increasing, muscle increasing, and anti-aging effects of HGH (Human Growth Hormone) are directly attributable to it's conversion by the liver and other tissues into Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF-1). IGF-1 has been shown to increase the transport of amino acids into muscle cells throughout the body, thus regenerating these tissues after exercise. According to European researchers, IGF-1 initiates the transport of nucleic acids into the nucleus of the cell where DNA resides. It provides the raw material needed to repair damage to the DNA and initiates cell division.

In 1998, researchers at New Zealand's AgResearch Invermay (a state-owned agricultural research facility) and the University of Otago completed phase I of a clinical trial on New Zealand deer antler velvet's ability to improve athletic performance. The 10-week double-blind study was conducted under the medical supervision of sports physician Dr. David Gerrard at the university. Although the results of the first test were inconclusive, they were encouraged enough to conduct a phase II of trials. The second studies results which were just released in March of 2001 built on the first trial's scientifically rigorous testing procedure using a larger sample population receiving a daily dosage of velvet from 850-1,200 mg [IGF-1+ Deer Antler Velvet Spray = approximately 300 mg Deer Antler Velvet per spray (about 93 sprays per bottle)]. Researchers examined velvet's effect on building endurance and delaying fatigue, as well as its influence on the repair of damaged muscle tissue. "In this study, athletes who took dietary New Zealand deer antler velvet for two weeks showed significantly reduced elevation of creatine kinase levels in their bloodstream and recovered from muscle soreness 24 hours earlier than subjects on placebo,". Creatine kinase, a substance found in the bloodstream, was used as an indicator of muscle-tissue damage in the study.

As important as HGH is, it does not last long in our bloodstream. In just a few short minutes our liver absorbs HGH and converts it into growth factors. IGF-1 is the most important growth factor that is produced. You can think of HGH as the hormone that gets the ball rolling, but IGF-1 does most of the work.

Increased Insulin-Like-Growth Factor (IGF-1) levels are used as an indicator of human growth hormone levels and can be measured. IGF-1 secretion is much more steady than that of growth hormone.

IGF-1 is a natural anabolic growth factor molecule and is a protein that promotes tissue growth, organ health, and healthy blood sugar levels. As we age and less Growth Hormone is released from the pituitary gland, there is a corresponding drop in IGF-1 levels, yet the bodies demand for IGF-1 does not decrease. As IGF-1 levels decline, the vitality and physical exuberance of youth recedes, further contributing to the process and experience of aging.

So a majority of the growth promoting effects of growth hormone is actually due to IGF-1 acting on its target cells. The major role of growth hormone in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1.

Growth factors are small proteins that regulate cell growth and specialization and control the metabolic processes.

Growth factors enable cells in the immune, nervous and hormonal systems to communicate and coordinate their growth and cell functioning and they support cell regeneration.

This communication regulates the aging and growth of cells, telling the cell when to live or die. Cell reproduction slows down as we age, and unless cells are prompted by growth hormones, they go into a resting phase.

IGF-1 regulates cell growth by moving cells from a resting phase to the active phase of the cell cycle and it increases the cell's ability to complete DNA synthesis. IGF-1 also acts with the nervous system and is critical for the growth and development of nerve cells playing an active role at the neuromuscular junction, where interaction between nerve and muscle cells occurs.

IGF-1 References

1. Beshyah SA, Shati M, et al. Cardiovascular effects of growth hormone replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults. Euro J Endocrin (1994) 130: 451-8
   
   Study of 36 AGHD patients. Conclusion: "six months of GH replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults had favorable cardiovascular effects, including increased exercise tolerance and improved diastolic function."
   
   
2. Cano A, Castelo-Branco C, Tarin JJ. Effect of Menopause and Different Combined Estradiol-progestin Regiments on Basal and Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 Levels. Fertil Steril (Feb 1999) 71: 261-7.
   
   The administration of oral, but not transdermal, E2 at the usual clinical doses used in postmenopausal women decreased IGF-1 levels and the response of GH to GHRH in older women. No substantial changes were detected in IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, or C peptide levels.
   
   
3. Cchyatte SB, Rudman D, et al. Human Growth Hormone in Myopathy: Myotonic Dystrophy, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy. Southern Med J (Feb 1974) 67(No 2): 170-2
   
   Small prospective controlled study showing: "positive results with GH in adult dystrophies, but not Duchenne's."
   
   
4. Dubois-Dalcq M, Murray K, et al. Why are growth factors important in oligodendrocyte physiology? Pathologie Biologie (2000) 48: 80-6
   
   A review article of factors involved in oligodendrocyte repair and development. IGF-1 is one of, if not, the major factors: "Administration of IGF-1 to these EAE rats increases oligodendrocyte numbers, myelin gene expression and enhances myelin synthesis in the lesions, while it decreases brain inflammatory cells and improves the clinical status of treated animals."
   
   
5. Fernholm R, Bramnert M, et al. Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy Improves Body Composition and Increases Bone Metabolism in Elderly Patients with Pituitary Disease. J Clin Endocrinol and Metab (2000) 85: 4104-4112
   
   Placebo controlled study of AGHD. Conclusion: "Elderly patients with GHD respond to replacement therapy in similar manner as younger subjects, with an improvement in body composition and an increase in markers for bone metabolism. Side effects are few, and elderly GHD patients can be offered treatment. As long-term risks are unknown, GH doses should be titrated to keep IGF-1 within the age-related physiological range."
   
   
6. Gudmundur J, Rosen T, et al. Two Years of Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment Increases Bone Mineral Content and Density in Hypopituitary Patients with Adult-Onset GH Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1996) 81: 2865-2873
   
   Two-year study measuring changes in BMD, BMC, PICP and ICTP in a group of 44 AGHD patients. All parameters improved by the end of the study and were not appreciated until 18mos into the study, supporting the conclusion: "GH treatment induced a sustained increase in overall bone remodeling activity, which resulted in a net gain in BMD that was more marked in those subjects with a low pretreatment z-score."
   
   
7. Rosen T, Bengtsson BA. Premature Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease in hypopituitarism. Lancet (1990) 336: 285-88
   
   Retrospective study of 333 consecutive patients supporting an increase in mortality from cardiovascular disease with AGHD.
   
   
8. Rosen T, Johannsson G, at al. Consequences of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults and the Benefits and Risks of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment-A Review Paper. Horm Res (1995) 43: 93-99
   
   Review article defining clinical AGHD: overweight, abnormal body composition (excess body fat and a decrease in the extracellular water volume), low bone mineral content, lipid abnormalities, decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased fibrinolysis. Conclusion: "Most of these symptoms and signs are reversed during GH replacement therapy. There is no evidence suggesting that this replacement therapy causes any unfavorable long-term side effects."
   
   
9. Serri O, St-Jacques P, et al. Alterations of Monocyte Function in Patients with Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency: Effect of Substitutive GH Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1999) 84: 58-63
   
   Twelve AGHD patients were followed for 3 months on GH therapy. Conclusion: "Our results demonstrate that markers of monocyte activation are increased in patients with GHD and GH replacement partly reduces these abnormalities. Reduction of cellular activation of monocytes by GH therapy could potentially contribute to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with GHD.
   
   
10. Slonim AE, Bulone L, at al. A Preliminary Study of Growth Hormone Therapy for Crohn's Disease. N Engl J Med (2000) 342: 1633-7
    
    A double blind placebo controlled study of 37 patients with Crohn's disease. GH was administered in extremely high dosage (5mg/day for 1 week, then reduced to 1.5mg/day thereafter). The authors concluded: "Our preliminary study suggests that growth hormone may be a beneficial treatment for patients with Crohn's disease." There were very significant improvements in the disease activity index with reduction in the amount and number of medications. Additionally, there were no significant alterations in the insulin, glucose or lipid profiles in these patients.

Growth Hormones and IGF-1 References:

1. Skjaerbaek C, Vahl N, et. al.. Serum Free Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in growth hormone-defcient Adults before and After Growth Hormone Replacement. Euro J Endocrinology (1997) 137: 132-137.
   
   Free IGF-1 are decreased in GHD, but measurements of free IGF-1 in a single, fasting serum sample do not offer a better separation of patients with GHD from individuals with normal GH status than can be achieved by measurement of total IGF-1.
   
   
2. Rosen, CJ. Growth Hormone and Aging. Endocrine (2000) 12 (2): 197-201. Growth Hormone and Aging. Endocrine (Apr 2000) 12 (2): 197-201.
   
   Defines other causes of IGF-1 deficiency, e.g., malnutrition (receptors are down regulated despite elevated GH levels), insulin deficiency, acute catabolic stress (acute trauma, infection, surgery, etc.), and exogenous glucocorticoid and estrogens. Also, cautions against treating somatopause because of perceived risk of neoplasia.
   
   
3. Cano A, Castelo-Branco C, Tarin JJ. Effect of Menopause and Different Combined Estradiol-progestin Regiments on Basal and Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP)-1, andIGFBP-3 Levels. Fertil Steril (Feb 1999) 71: 261-7.
   
   The administration of oral, but not transdermal, E2 at the usual clinical doses used in postmenopausal women decreased IGF-1 levels and the response of GH to GHRH in older women. No substantial changes were detected in IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, or C peptide levels.
   
   
4. Marcus R. Recombinant human growth hormone as potential therapy for osteoporosis. Bailliere's Clinical Endoreinology and Metabolism (July 1998) 12 (2): 251-259
   
   Review article with the conclusion: GH enhances lumbar bone density and appears to maintain femoral density. Author suggests that IGF-1 therapy may be more effective therapy than GH. Studies reported were too short to draw that conclusion (see reference 17).
   
   
5. Abs R, Bengtssont B, et al. GH Replacement in 1034 growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults: demographic and clinical characteristics, dosing and safety. Clinical Endo (1999) 50: 703-713
   
   Study basically shows safety of GH in AGHD without increase in tumor recurrence or diabetes in patients treated for more the 800 patient years. Also, IGF-1 was used and shown to be the method of choice for titration of rhGH therapy.
   
   
6. Clemmons D R. Commercial Assays Available for Insulin-Like Growth factor-1 and Their Use in Diagnosing Growth Hormone Deficiency. Horm Res (2001) 55 (suppl 2): 73-79.
   
   Study employs the immunoradiometric (IRMA) sandwich assay with antibodies specific to IGF-1. These assays are found to be quick and accurate, and produce a high degree of specificity. The addition of acid-ethanol extraction or saturation with IGF-II improves reliability. "Despite the problems, IGF-1 measurement is currently the best indirect method available for screening and monitoring patients with GHD
   
   
7. Diamandi A, Khosravi MJ, et al. Filter Paper Blood Spot Assay of Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-Binding Protein-3 and Preliminary Application in the Evaluation of Growth Hormone Status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1998) 83: 2296-2301

Authors developed blood spot assays for IGF-1 and IGFBP- 3 and compared them to conventional methodologies. They found that dried blood spot showed a greater than 1 month stability at -20C, 4C and RT and retained more than 65% of the immunoreactivity after approximately 1 month at 37C. "We conclude that blood collected on filter paper is ideal for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 analysis and may find applications in pediatric and large scale infant screening programs."

Note: Original Document has been Notarized

MGF Price Comparison of Growth Factor product proposed for GlobalCeuticals, Inc.
Name	Price	Type of product	IGF per bottle in ng	Comparable Price	Alcohol Base	Other GF's	Standardized	Natural or Manufactured
Miracle Growth Factors	49.95	IGF-1 Matrix	15,000	49.95	NO	YES	YES	Natural
IGF-PRO tablet	29.95	Full Comp.	3,000	149.75	NO	YES	YES	Natural
IGF-1-Duarte	34.95	IGF	2,500	209.70	NO	YES	NO	Unknown
Natures Sunshine	39.95	IGF	2,500	239.70	NO	YES	NO	Unknown
IGF-1 Plus	79.95	Unknown	3,000	399.75	NO	YES	NO	Natural
Growyoung Oral Spray	120.00	IGF	1,200	300.00	NO	NO	YES	Recombinant
NOW IGF-1	29.95	Unknown	2557	175.69	UNK	YES	NO	Natural
Longevity IGF-1	39.85	IGF	Unknown		UNK	YES	NO	Natural
Pure IGF	39.95	Unknown	180	3329.17	YES	YES	NO	Natural
Pure IGF Extreme	79.95	Unknown	396	3028.41	YES	YES	NO	Natural
SP LabsGrowth Factor-1	49.95	IGF	Unknown		No	NO	NO	Unknown
ProBlen	84.95	IGF and HGH	Unknown		UNK	NO	NO	Unknown
Renewal IGF-1	33.95	IGF	Unknown		YES	NO	YES	Recombinant

23^rd August 2004

BRIEF

For the purposes of this document, academic literature has been cited to validate the application of RECEPTOL^® to a broad spectrum of human diseases.

The application of RECEPTOL^®is in the medical field of Immuno-therapy which is a quiet revolution taking place in medicine.  It is a form of treatment that uses the different aspects of your immune system, it cells and molecules and its various stratagems to tip the balance in your favor as your body battles to maintain health.

RECEPTOL^® essentially is a complex cocktail of compounds derived from bovine lacteal sources.  These compounds include Proline-Rich Polypeptides (PRPs), glycoproteins, growth factors, neurotransmitters, cytokines (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta) produced from PRPs, and enzymes.  Other immune factors present include: Trypsin Inhibitors, Glycoconjugates, Orotic Acid, Alpha 1-Antitripsin, Alpha 1-Fetoprotein, Alpha 2-Macroglobulin, Alpha 2- AP Glycoprotein, C3 & C4, Orosomucoids, Lyozyme, Thiocyanate, Peroxidase, Xanthine Oxidase, Vitamins A, B12, E, and Sulfur.

Each of these compounds has specific functions in the human body.

There are differing theories to how HIV causes AIDS-the collapse of the immune system. One theory states that direct infection of T4 cells is the cause of AIDS. Yet, there is a substantial body of published scientific literature, dating back as far as 1986 (give citation) to as modern as 2004 (give recent article), which offers another.

Comparison of direct infection model and the literature.
Direct infection Model	Literature
HIV virus directly infects the T4 cells	HIV infects less then 1% of the T4 cells
HIV virus kills the host T4 cell upon replication	1. "Bystander Cell Deaths" (i.e. the death of an uninfected cell) accounts for the vast majority of T4 cell death. 2. A very small fraction of HIV effectively infects T4 cells, ultimately leading to their destruction upon viral replication or neutralization by the immune system. 3. Cross-linking of gp120 by the anti-gp120 antibody stops proliferation of T4 cells.
The T4 cells that are dying are infected with HIV	1. The infected T4 cells are not dying 2. The uninfected, yet infectable T4 cells are dying or laying inert.
HIV progresses into AIDS when more and more T4 cells die from direct infection, i.e. more T4 cells should infected with HIV over time.	1. HIV infects more T4 cells during initial infection than during full blown AIDS, occurring 8 - 10 years later. 2. AIDS sets in when the T8 cells lose their efficacy for killing infected cells, resulting from a drastic tip in the cytokine hormone balance. Cytokine imbalance is triggered by saturation of T4 cells of gp120 ligands and, more importantly, the cross-linking of gp120s with anti-gp120 antibodies.
T4 cells should be completely or almost completely eliminated before AIDS	1. T4 cells still present during full blown AIDS 2. AIDS sets in when the B-cells start creating antibodies to HIV's gp120. 3. AIDS sets in with the presences of the T4 cell, gp120, and the anti-gp120 antibody.
T4 cells die only from the presence and infection of HIV. Nothing else should mediate T4 cell death.	1. Infected T4 cells are not dying. 2. The presence of antibody-producing B-cells causes T4 cell anergy and apoptosis of uninfected cells. 3. Murine studies transgenic for human CD4 showed T4 cell death in the presence of gp120 and anti-gp120 antibody, in the complete absence of HIV.
AIDS should occur before the body mounts a immunological response	1. AIDS occurs only after a vigorous B-cell response.
The immune system collapses only because the T4 cells are dead and therefore cannot mediate the immune response.	1. The immune system collapses while T4 cells are still in the blood stream 2. Anergy of T4 cells strongly contributes to the immune system collapse. 3. Death of uninfected T4 cells caused by apoptosis
HIV virus is required to facilitate T4 cell death	1. Only the presence of both gp120 and anti-gp120 antigen necessary.
Creating drugs to target the virus directly is the only way to stop HIV from progressing into AIDS.	1. HIV has a mutation rate 6,000 times that of the common cold. HIV is developing resistance to all pharmaceutical drugs. The mutation rate is outpacing the cognition, manufacturing, testing, and distribution of drugs. 2. The high cost and lack of availability inhibits the very people who need help the most. 3. RECEPTOL® can render HIV asymptomatic. [do not publish this]

In terms of RECEPTOL®, it fits into either theory of AIDS pathogenesis one subscribes to. RECEPTOL® works according to both theories of direct infection and antigen-mediated apoptosis. RECEPTOL® prevents the HIV virus from docking directly onto the T4 cell, therefore preventing direct infection. RECEPTOL® also prevents the gp120 ligands from docking directly onto the T4 cell, therefore preventing antigen-mediated apoptosis.

Comparison of Existing Anti-Viral Drugs and RECEPTOL®
	Existing Anti-Viral Drugs	RECEPTOL®
Action	To stop HIV from reproducing.	1. Prevents HIV ligands from docking onto the CD4 receptors, therefore indirectly preventing the virus from infecting cells. 2. Removes existing uncrosslinked gp120 ligands from CD4 sites. 3. Prevents further docking of gp120 ligands. 4. Boosts immune function.
Result	1. Fewer T4 cells destroyed by direct infection. 2. Unable to stop indirect destruction of T4 cells.	1. Fewer T4 cells destroyed by direct infection. 2. Fewer T4 cells destroyed indirectly by Programmed Cell Death (PCD) mediated by crosslinked gp120 ligands. 3. Viral load will temporarily go up in the blood because the virus can no longer dock onto a T4 cell. 4. Plasma state HIV virus easily susceptible to neutralization by immune system. 5. Boosted natural immune function will keep HIV asymptomatic.
Immune Reconstitution	Even when viral load is undetectable, the immune system does not reconstitute,	Immune system should fully reconstitute.
AIDS Wasting	Addressed only by other drugs.	Strong evidence for applicability.
Treatment	Multiple pills taken at specific times many times per day.	3 squirts on the inner cheek every 4 hours.
Side Effects	Lypodystrophy, diabetes, nausea, pancreatitis, anemia, cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial toxicity, peripheral neuropathy	Strong hunger and thirst leading to regaining weight.
Drug Resistance	Resistant strains develop rapidly and spread throughout population. Resistance has and continues to develop and spread.	Practically immune to resistance since RECEPTOL® does not target the virus or its ligands.

Concerns about HAART
(Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)

HAART is the therapy, composed of multiple anti-HIV drugs, that is prescribed to many HIV-positive people, even before they develop symptoms of AIDS (and without considering that many will never develop these symptoms). The therapy usually includes one nucleoside analog (DNA chain terminator), one protease inhibitor and either a second nucleoside analog ("nuke") or a non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRTI).

Adverse Effects, in General

The list of side effects of HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) is so long, that it is impossible to categorize all of them. Further, some papers document side effects in a number of categories. The quotes below illustrate this.

"There is also increasing recognition that adverse events associated with antiretroviral treatment remain an important source of morbidity and even mortality, such as in advanced disease, in which non-AIDS serious adverse events continue to outweigh AIDS-related events in frequency and overall detrimental effects on quality of life."

Complications of antiretroviral therapy. XV International AIDS Conference. 2004 Aug 27.

Adverse Effects with Nucleoside Analogs ("Nukes")

Also see information specifically related to AZT in <a href="http://www.aras.ab.ca/azt.html">azt.html</a>.

"this rare but often life-threatening syndrom, now named ‘severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis' (NALA) has been reported increasingly often. Hepatic steatosis [loss of fat in liver] and lactic acidosis are thought to be caused by nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated mitochondrial toxicity...Low levels of hyperlactatemia have been reported in 21% of NRTI-treated patients, although the majority of these patients are

"Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) has chosen to inform doctors of rapidly ascending muscular weakness as new symptom of nucleoside-related lactic acidosis and hyperlactataemia

 

Rapidly ascending neuromuscular weakness associated with nucleoside analogues. HIV Treatment Bulletin. 2001 Oct;2(8).

"Pancreatitis occurs with a frequency of 1 to 7% with the currently recommended doses of didanosine...Our analysis demonstrated that the use of hydroxyurea was associated with an adjusted fourfold increase in the risk of pancreatitis compared with patients on didanosine alone...There was one fatal case in a patient on didanosine + stavudine + hydroxyurea "

 

Adverse Effects with Protease Inhibitors

Protease Inhibitors were described as miracle drugs when they first were made available in late 1995. However, the miracle turned out to be a mirage, as a whole range of new side effects, particularly metabolic abnormalities, were discovered. As with all AIDS drugs, this should not have been a surprise, because they are tested for only a short time, in order to rush them to market.

"Participants who initiated therapy with a protease inhibitor were 2.02 times more likely to die than those who did not start therapy with this class of drug "

Hogg R et al. Rates of Disease Progression by Baseline CD4 Cell Count and Viral Load After Initiating Triple-Drug Therapy. JAMA. 2001 Nov 28;286(20):2568-77.

Blood Disorders

HAART can be toxic to blood because it almost always includes one or two nucleoside analogs, drugs like AZT that are notorious for their toxicity to red and white blood cells and blood cell production. Various forms of anemia are very common and sometimes are irreversible.

Bone Disease

HAART can have debilitating effects on the bones of people that take these drugs.

"Bone disorders in HIV-1 patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are an emerging issue...After approximately 27 months of treatment with indinavir (800 mg three times a day), zidovudine [AZT] and lamivudine [3TC], a 56-year-old HIV-1-infected bisexual man noticed thickenings on almost all fingers of his hands. He also noted several small protrusions at the costosternal [breastbone] junctions...After the introduction of indinavir [a protease inhibitor] in June 1998, the patient experienced myalgia [muscle pain], arthralgia [joint pain], dry skin, body hair loss, and ingrown toenails developed. The patient has also been taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole...

 

Click the link below to view the report in a PDF format.

AZT: Unsafe at Any Dose?

Project Application for IRB & Ethics Committee

1. Project Title: Efficacy Trails of RECEPTOL, a pure natural product on 50 AIDS Patients based on Indian FDA & ICMR recommended protocols

2. Principal Investigator:

1. Dr. N.K. Hase, MD Professor & Head: Dept. of Medicine
2. Director General: National AIDS Control Organization

3. Investigators:

1. Dr. Alka Gogate, Project Director, Mumbai AIDS Society
2. Dr. G.C. Rajadhyaksha, Assoc. Prof. of Medicine
3. Dr. Mayank Shah, President, Helium Hospital
4. Dr. Neelam Redkar, Head, HIV Unit
5. Dr. Sandhya Saharan, OBGY Specialist
6. Dr. Asha Shah, Hematologist
7. Ms. Nirzari Parikh, MS (Cambridge UK): Chief Technical officer
8. Dr. Suresh Advani, Chief Oncologist (Consultant of Study)

4. Introduction and background of the Project

4.1 Definition of the Study with Brief Introduction:

This study will test the safety and effectiveness of RECEPTOL® Liquid for treating people infected with HIV. Cell fusion of HIV particles with human white blood cells, particularly CD4 cells with the aid of glycoprotein epitopes on the viral wall. It is believed that the informational proteins in RECEPTOL® are active in mitigating cell fusion by impacting the HIV glycoprotein' ability to attach and fuse with CD4 cells.

4.2 Aims & Objectives of the project:

This study will determine what effect of oral administration of RECEPTOL® Liquid has on viral load, CD4, CD8 cells and HIV/AIDS symptoms in the patients.

4.2 Place of Study: LTMMC & General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai 400 022

4.2 Duration of the Study: 12 Weeks

5. Study Description

5.1 Design:

Phase III Efficacy Study for Receptol is designed for HIV-positive patients between the ages of 18 and 60. Candidates will have a medical history, physical examination, blood and urine tests, and chest X-ray, and possibly other tests as determined by the clinician in guidance with the principal investigator.

Participants will receive RECEPTOL® Liquid in pump spray form. Patients will be taught to self-administer RECEPTOL®. Frequency of administration is 4 times per day. Each administration will consist of three (3) spays directly on the buchal mucosa (inner cheek). Each pump of the spay delivers 0.7ml of RECEPTOL®. This study will continue for 12 weeks.

Participants will be evaluated in the clinic once a week through the first 4 weeks of therapy, then every 2 weeks for the remaining 8 weeks of the initial study. They will be asked about side effects of treatment and may have a physical examination. Blood tests to measure CD4 cells and HIV viral load will be done at each evaluation.

Further Study Details: This study will involve a single arm, open label, 12-week study in 50 subjects to determine increase of CD4 and CD8 counts associated with RECEPTOL ® supplementation in subjects with HIV / AIDS.

This is a study to determine the efficacy of RECEPTOL ® given over twelve (12) weeks. The study is designed to investigate potential for RECEPTOL® therapy to reduce viral load and increase CD4 levels. As mentioned the primary endpoints of the study include effect of this therapy on markers of HIV disease including the HIV-viral load and CD4 cell counts along with general well being of the patients.

5.2 Methodology: Sample size & Sampling Method

Total Enrollment: 50

Eligibility: Genders Eligible for Study: Both Male & Female Subjects

5.3: Definition of subject/material to be used:

Criteria

a) INCLUSION CRITERIA:

• Subjects should be between 18 and 60 years of age.
• Documentation of HIV infection by any licensed ELISA test.
• Subjects must have CD4 count greater than 100 cells/mm(3)
• Subjects will have measurable HIV viral load.
• Subjects must have the ability to give informed consent.
• Willingness to give informed consent.
• Willingness to be able to make follow up visits once per week for the first four weeks and once every other weed for eight weeks

b) EXCLUSION CRITERIA

• Pregnant or nursing women, women of childbearing potential not using an adequate method of birth control
• Subjects with kidney disease or serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL
• A history of hepatic cirrhosis.
• Congestive heart failure.
• Evidence of a severe or life-threatening infection.
• Treatment within the last 2 months with systemic gluco-corticoid steroids
• Any medical condition that, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator or Study
• Chairperson would preclude the inclusion of a patient onto this study.
• Active systemic infections other than hepatitis C and HIV.
• Hemochromatosis, autoimmune hepatitis (ANA greater than 160) except history of drug-associated hepatitis with discontinuation of the causative agent.
• Liver disease caused by reasons other than hepatitis C like HBV, HDV, Wilson'sHepatic mass suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Current alcohol or substance abuse that potentially could interfere with patientcompliance.
• Any systemic illness that will make it unlikely that the subject will be able toreturn to LTMMC, Sion Hospital, Mumbai Clinical Research for the required study visits.
• Organ transplant recipient.
• Preexisting uncontrolled seizure disorder.
• No subjects using long term systemic corticosteroids, immuno-suppressive, or

5.4 Parameters to be studied at the initiation of the study

Blood tests to measure CD4 cells and HIV viral load will be done along with other examinations as per the inclusion criteria for the patients given above.

5.5 Parameters to be studied at follow up along with duration of follow up

Blood tests to measure CD4 cells and HIV viral load will be done as per the detailed Methodology along with study protocols given above for a duration of 12 weeks.

5.6 Organisation of work elements: Names of the Milestones

PROJECTED SCHEDULE PHASES:

Phase I :

Subject recruiting, Document drafting

Hospital Ethics Committee Clearance & Duly Signed Consent Forms by the Patients

Phase II (4weeks-Subjects to visit clinic once per week):

Week 1

• Subjects will deliver medical case history records to LTMMC, Sion Hospital, Mumbai to initiate the Case Report Form
• Explanation of study, study is an Open Study
• Informed Consent Form executed .
• Study subject may complete Quality of Life Survey
• Initial Physical Examination including Vital Signs, Height, Weight, temperature and will assess the Skin, Heart, Lungs, Neuro., extremities & Chest X-rays
• Initial blood work to establish baselines (CD4, CD8, HIV Viral Load)
• Study subjects directed in self administration of RECEPTOL®
• Initial administration or RECEPTOL® done in clinic
• Study subjects to self-administer RECEPTOL® as directed three (3) sprays to the buchal

mucosa every four hours during waking hours

Week 2 (Subjects using RECEPTOL® one week)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4,CD8 Count)

Week 3 (Subjects using RECEPTOL® two weeks)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4,CD8 Count)

Week 4 (Subjects using RECEPTOL® three weeks)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4, CD8, HIV Viral Load)

Week 5 (Subjects using RECEPTOL® four weeks)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4, CD8, HIV Viral Load)

Subjects complete second Quality of Life Survey

Phase III (8 weeks-Subjects to visit clinic every other week, once in 15 days):

Week 7 (Subjects have been using RECEPTOL® 6 weeks)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4, CD8, HIV Viral Load)

Week 9 (Subjects have been using RECEPTOL® 8 weeks)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4, CD8, HIV Viral Load)

Week 11 (Subjects have been using RECEPTOL® 10 weeks)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4, CD8, HIV Viral Load)

Week 13 (Subjects have been using RECEPTOL® 12 weeks)

Study subjects return to clinic for blood work and evaluation (CD4, CD8, HIV Viral Load)

Subjects complete final Quality of Life Survey

Phase IV

Data analysis and report generation

Study results presented to ICMR & DCGI

Starting Date: February 7, 2005

Expected date of Completion: Approx. 4 months from the starting date

5. 7 Staff to be appointed (if any)

6. Work Already Done in the field

RECEPTOL^®- demonstrated in-field and clinical use with more that 2000 HIV infants, children and adults in twelve countries. There have been no known exceptions to the ability to affect the progression of many chronic degenerative diseases for which it has been used. In many cases, the formula has induced what appears to be complete and lasting cellular recovery.

RECEPTOL^® has shown to be effective in treating many different diseases and condition. However, it is prudent to focus attention on a few well-known diseases. Initially, Rheumatoid Arthritis was the selected disease to put under the microscope. The success of treating this autoimmune condition led to the selection of a high profile disease - HIV.

Receptol treatment of - HIV: African Trial Results Report

Phase 1 - HIV trial

Population: 12 cohorts, term: 30 days and moderate control of product use. The patients in this study should be presumed to have had previous exposure to chemo-therapy (AZT). Neither the doctor nor patients were made aware of the positive potential of this product. A balanced diet of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals were administered in conjunction with the treatment.

Results

Weight Gain

• 10 out of 12 gained weight during the thirty-day trial period.
• Of the 10 that gained weight, 7 (70%) gained an average of 6 lbs
• 5 patients gained 6 lbs in one month, while 2 others 5.5 and 6.6 lbs respectively
• the highest weight gain of 12 lbs was recorded for a patient who had been HIV positive since 1986 (10 years)

Number of Patients	Number of lbs Gained
1	+12.0
1	+6.5
5	+6.0
1	+5.5
2	+2.0
1	+0.0
1	-0.4

Diarrhea

• 8 out of 10 patients had various levels of diarrhea (mild, moderate or severe) at the beginning of the trial period
• Of the 8, 5 patients (62%) went from varying levels of diarrhea severity to NO diarrhea.
• The 1 patient without weight gain experienced total elimination of severe chronic diarrhea and a return to solid stool formation.

Nausea

• 8 out of 12 patients had various levels of nausea at the beginning of the trial period.
• Of the 8, 5 patients (62%) went from varying levels of severity of nausea to No nausea.
• Of the remaining 3 patients, with some degree of nausea, 2 experienced a reduction in the severity of their symptoms.
• 9 out of 10 patients, who reported fatigue symptoms at the beginning of the trial, experienced an increase in their level of energy.
• 3 out of 10 experienced a significant increase in energy, from initial varying levels of fatigue to NO fatigue.

Cough

• 4 out of 12 had either a mild to moderate cough at the beginning of the trial
• 2 of the 4 reported NO cough at the end of the trail period.
• Of the remaining 2 individuals, 1 reported a reduction in the severity of his cough.

Symptoms Assessment Score

• All 12 patients experienced an improvement in their overall symptoms assessment score.
• The average reduction approached 2/3 (63%) - Dr Brandt.

Phase 2 - HIV trial

Phase 2 of the study on HIV was completed in Nairobi, Kenya.

Objectives: To demonstrate, under clinical conditions, the safety and efficacy of info protein supplementation in patients known to have advanced disease (HIV/AIDS), compromised immune resources and limited access to conventional treatment.

Population: 30 cohorts, term: 30 days and moderate control of product use.

Considerations: Unless otherwise noted, the patients in this study should be presumed to have no previous exposure to chemotherapy (AZT). Some patients could not refrigerate the product after opening, therefore exposing it to the denaturing effect of bacterial contamination.

The patients were not made aware of the positive potential of the product.

Results

• The product appeared to be free of side effects and generally well tolerated by the participants. Some signs, consistent with detoxification, were noted but resolved when the patients increased their water consumption.
• The product demonstrated significant value by reducing or resolving the symptoms of opportunistic infections most commonly associated with the dynamic of HIV/AIDS.
• Patients often experienced weight gains as part of an overall pattern of positive response.

Summary

Positive clinical results observed in the Nairobi patients.

Phase 3 - HIV trial

Phase III study on HIV Patients in Rwanda.

Objectives: To demonstrate, under clinical conditions, the safety and efficacy of info-protein supplementation in patients known to have advanced disease (HIV/AIDS). Cohorts were all symptomatic, ambulatory, compliant and native to anti-retroviral therapy.

Population: 60 cohorts, term: 365 days and moderate control of product use.

Considerations: All cohorts receive oral supplementation of RECEPTOL^® every 6 hours for a period of 365 days. Some patients could not refrigerate the product after opening, therefore exposing it to the denaturing effect of bacterial contamination.

The patients were not made aware of the positive potential of the product.

Results

• The product appeared to be free of side effects and generally well tolerated by the participants. Some signs, consistent with detoxification, were noted but resolved when the patients increased their water consumption.
• The product demonstrated significant value by reducing or resolving the symptoms of opportunistic infections most commonly associated with the dynamic of HIV/AIDS.
• Patients often experienced weight gains as part of an overall pattern of positive response.
• After 1 day of use there was a moderate level of relief of fever and diarrhea.
• After 14 days of use all patients experienced relief of skin lesions, mouth thrush, fever, diarrhea, tuberculosis.
• After 90 days of use all patients experienced relief of all symptoms.
• After 330 days all patients are still not experiencing any negative symptoms.

Discussion

In brief, the patients recovered very quickly but complain of INTENSE HUNGER AND THIRST. It is VITAL TO INTERVENE BY GIVING PROTEIN SUPPLIMENTATION to be able to observe the body reconstruction as most patients are very poor and have low protein intake. Generally speaking there is an excellent recovery for all patients that have been on the product but the EXTREME HUNGER is hindering the weight gain process. - Dr. Rusibira, Internal Medicine Specialist.

Summary

Positive clinical results are continually observed in the Rwanda patients even after 12 months of completion of trails.

7. References: Xerox copy attached.

8. Comments by Bio-Statistician: Drug Controller General of India on ICMR recommendation has already approved 50 AIDS patients trails for Receptol in India based on US FDA and NIH guidelines.

 

Click the link below to view the report in a PDF format.

Bovine Colostrum: its dietary supplementation role in improvement and modulation of human immune indices

 

Click the below link to view the report in a PDF format.

Colostrum and HIV Virus/AIDS

COLOSTRUM & COLOSTRUM DERIVATIVE RESEARCH

The newborn for whom the colostrum is intended is a blank tablet, immunologically speaking. It needs protection from the environment it has just entered, and it needs it immediately if it is to survive. Therefore colostrum, whether it is from a cow or a human, is loaded with everything the newborn needs to survive in the hostile world. Cows, unlike humans, are unable to receive immunoglobulins across the placenta to "prime" the immune system before birth, so they need a massive dose of immunoglobulins immediate after birth. Bovine colostrum thus contains much more Immunoglobulin G (IgG) than human colostrum, which contains predominantly Immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgG provides passive systemic immunity whereas IgA provides more localized immunity. Bovine colostrum is able to impart passive immunity not only to calves but to humans as well against a broad spectrum of pathogens as well as nonspecific immune support against all pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoan parasites. Colostrum also has the unique ability to modulate the immune system through the activity of colostrinin, a protein found only in colostrum, which can heat up or cool down the immune system depending upon what is needed by the host.

• Colostrum provides passive immunity against bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoan parasites^34-48
• Lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and lysozyme are non-specific bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal components of colostrum^49-54
• Lactoferrin and lysozyme have been shown to act in concert with lactoferrin first binding to and removing the lipopolysaccharide protective coating of gram-negative bacteria (such as Vibrio cholerae (cholera), Salmonella typhimurium (food poisoning) and Eschericia coli), allowing lysozyme to enter the bacterial cell, causing lysis⁵⁵
• Lactoferrin is effective against HIV and Human Cytomegalovirus^56,57
• Colostrum alleviates Cryptosporidosis, a life-threatening diarrhea which occurs as a secondary infection in AIDS^58-60
• Colostrum contains complement factors and oligosaccharides which also provide non-specific antimicrobial protection^61,62
• Colostrum contains colostrinin^® (or PRP), a unique immunomodulatory peptide which causes the differentiation of thymocytes into active T cells and stimulates the differentiation of B cells and can also act to tone down on overactive immune system, such as is found in autoimmune diseases^63,64
• colostrinin^® also stimulates the production of interferon-beta (IFN ?) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) by peritoneal cells⁶⁵
• Oral administration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1?) from colostrum causes a marked increase in the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that colostrum stimulates the immune system⁶⁶
• Cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-?), interleukins (IL-1?, IL-1?, IL-6) and interferon (IFN?) in colostrum, stimulate the developing immune system in infants as well as the depressed immune system of aged individuals⁶⁷
• Colostrum stimulates the formation of cytokines, interleukins 1, 3 and 6 (IL-1, IL-3, IL-6), by blood leukocytes⁶⁸
• Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-?) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), both found in colostrum, modulate the activity of monocytes and macrophages in organizing immune responses to pathogens, either turning them on or off depending on what is needed⁶⁹

• Lactoferrin from colostrum increase both motility and superoxide production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (white blood cells), apparently making them more effective in warding off infections⁷⁰
• Colostrum can modulate natural killer cell activity by stimulating or inhibiting production of interleukin-2 (IL-2)⁷¹

Research References

1. Lock, TJ. Review paper: Processing and its effect on colostrum powder quality. Oak on Elm, Ltd. (1999)
2. Efigenia, M, et al. Effect of heat treatment on the nutritional quality of milk proteins. International Dairy Journal 7:609-612 (1997). The effect of heating and pasteurization on the nutritional quality of milk proteins was examined. Pasteurization, while destroying harmful pathogens, does not affect the biological value of milk proteins. Boiling, on the other hand, affects liver protein synthesis from ingested milk protein.
3. Li-Chan, E, et al. Stability of bovine immunoglobulins to thermal treatment and processing. Food Research International 28(1):9-16 (1995). Milk exposed to commercial pasteurization processes retained high levels of IgG activity, whereas canned evaporated milk or sterilized milk had little or no IgG activity.
4. Bangham, AD, et al. Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids. Journal of Molecular Biology 13(1):238-252 (1965)
5. Lasic, DD, et al. Spontaneous vesiculation. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 89-90:337-349 (2001). The thermodynamics of vesicle formation was analyzed by using the elastic bending energy approach. Several different possibilities of spontaneous vesiculation, due to soft bilayers, non-zero spontaneous curvature and Gaussian curvature, respectively, were presented and discussed. Intermediate structures in the closed vesicle-disklike mixed micelle phase transition could be either cup-like particles or open bilayers partially rolled into lipid tubules.
6. Wong, A, Toth, I. Lipid, sugar and liposaccharide based delivery systems. Current Medicinal Chemistry 8(9):1123-1136 (2001). Liposomes can be altered chemically by adding sugars and liposaccharides to get optimal absorption through a wide variety of membranes.
7. Haque, ME, et al. Influence of lipid composition on physical properties and peg-mediated fusion of curved and uncurved model membrane vesicles: "nature's own" fusogenic lipid bilayer. Biochemistry 40(14):4340-4348 (2001). Sphingomyelin and cholesterol both must be present in order to produce an exact replica of cell membranes.
8. Igarashi, A., et al. Liposomal photofrin enhances therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy against the human gastric cancer. Toxicology Letters 145(2):133-141 (2003). Photodynamic therapy using light-sensitive chemicals such as photofrin and delivered via liposomes offers a potent and less invasive treatment for stomach and intestinal cancers. Use of liposomes as a delivery vehicle significantly increased accumulation of photofrin in tumors with a subsequent increase in therapeutic effect.
9. Rivera, E. Liposomal anthracyclines in metastatic breast cancer: clinical update. Oncologist 8(Suppl.2):3-9 (2003). Delivering anthracyclines - a common treatment for metastatic cancer - using liposomes avoids many of the severe side effects normally associated with its use while increasing the therapeutic index of its efficacy.
10. Justo, OR, Moraes, AM. Incorporation of antibiotics in liposomes designed for tuberculosis therapy by inhalation. Drug Delivery 10(3):201-207 (2003). Encapsulating antibiotics used in tuberculosis therapy inside liposomes allows for their delivery by inhalation, which increases their efficacy.
11. Steele, G, Jr, et al. Specific active immunotherapy with butanol-extracted, tumor-associated antigens incorporated into liposomes. Surgery 96(2):352-359 (1984). Tissue type-specific immunogens (cancer proteins) are used to protect against the recurrence of tumors, but are only effective if histocompatible. Placing the immunogens in liposomes, however, increases the survival of test animals regardless of histocompatibility.
12. Lopez-Berestein, G, et al. Prophylaxis of Candida albicans infection in neutropenic mice with liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 25(3):366-367 (1984). Amphotericin B protected by liposome encapsulation was effective against Candida infection whereas unprotected Amphotericin B was not.
13. Chaize, B, et al. Encapsulation of enzymes in liposomes: high encapsulation efficiency and control of substrate permeability. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Technology 32(1):67-75 (2004). Encapsulation in liposomes prevents denaturization of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract.
14. Sato, H, et al. Enhancement of the intestinal absorption of a cyclosporine derivative by milk fat globule membrane. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 17(11):1526-1528 (1994). Adding milk fat globule phospholipids to cyclosporine significantly increased absorption through the intestine in rats.
15. Yuasa, H, et al. Evaluation of milk fat-globule membrane (MFGM) emulsion for oral administration: absorption of alpha-linolenic acid in rats and the effect of emulsion droplet size. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 17(5):756-758 (1994). Using alpha-linoleic acid as a test substance, absorption of was increased using liposomes made from milk fat globule membranes.
16. Imokawa, G, et al. Decreased level of ceramides in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis: an etiologic factor in atopic dry skin? Journal of Investigative Dermatology 96(4):523-526 (1991) Decreased levels of ceramides - a metabolite of sphingomyelin - is associated with dry skin, indicating that ceramides are vital for maintaining the water retention function of the skin.
17. Man, MQM, et al. Optimization of physiological lipid mixtures for barrier repair. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 106(5):1096-1101 (1996). Certain lipids in the skin, ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids, must be present in the proper proportions to maintain barrier function in the skin. Adding these lipids to damaged skin could help with healing the damage.
18. Madison, KC. Barrier function of the skin: "la raison d'etre" of the epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 121(2):231-241 (2003). Keeping the outside out and the inside in is the primary function of the skin. Lipids in the skin are the primary component of this barrier. Repair of the barrier function is necessary to heal damaged skin or diseased skin.
19. Bibel, DJ, et al. Sphingosines: antimicrobial barriers of the skin. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 73(6):407-411 (1993). Sphingosines, another metabolite of sphingomyelin, play an important role in the bacteriostatic and fungistatic function of the skin.
20. Nunzi, MG, et al. Therapeutic Properties of Phosphatidylserine in the Aging Brain. Phospholipids New York, Plenum, pp.213-218 (1990). The lipid content of the brain changes with age, leading to loss of membrane fluidity, enzymatic activities, and membrane receptors, and a decreased efficiency of signal mechanisms. This is accompanied by a deterioration in brain function. Supplementation with phosphatidylserine has been shown to counteract these changes to a degree.
21. Amaducci, L, et al. Use of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 640:245-249 (1991). Phosphatidylserine has shown promise in helping to counteract the effects of Alzheimer's disease on brain function.
22. Fünfgeld, EW, Nedwidek, P. Neurohomologous phosphatidylserine in Parkinsonian patients with associated disorders of cerebral metabolism. Clinical Trials Journal 24(1):42-61 (1997). Giving phosphatidylserine to patients demonstrating symptoms of organic brain syndrome in association with Parkinson's disease showed up to 10% lessening of symptoms in some patients.
23. Murphy, EJ, et al. Phospholipid composition and levels are altered in Down syndrome brain. Brain Research 867(1-2):9-18 (2000). Changes in the phospholipid content of brains from patients with Down syndrome (mongoloidism) most likely are due to the effects of the disease. Similar changes have been observed in other neurological disorders.
24. Monteleone, P, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine on the neuroendocrine response to physical stress in humans. Neuroendocrinology 52(3):243-248 (1990). Administering phosphatidylserine to subjects and then subjecting them to stress blunted the increase in ACTH and cortisol levels normally seen.
25. Monteleone, P, et al. Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 42(4):385-388 (1992). A follow-up to the previous study which indicated that long-term use of phosphatidylserine supplement can counter the effects of stress.
26. Benton, D, et al. The influence of phosphatidylserine supplementation on mood and heart rate when faced with an acute stressor. Nutritional Neuroscience 4(3):169-178 (2001). This study showed that phosphatidylserine supplementation can also improve the mood of subjects under stress. Obeid, LM, et al. Programmed cell death induced by ceramide. Science 259(5102):1769-1771 (1993). Sphingomyelin has been shown to be an important link in the signaling mechanism for controlling programmed cell death (apoptosis), cell growth and differentiation. The hydrolysis of sphingomyelin into ceramide acts to turn on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- ? ) and other cytokines, which in turn produces apoptosis. This has been used successfully in the treatment of leukemia.
27. Parodi, PW. Cows' milk fat components as potential anticarcinogenic agents. Journal of Nutrition (127(6):1055-1060 (1997). Some of the milk fats found normally in milk and colostrum have been show to have anticarcinogenic effects, including sphingomyelin and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
28. Dial, EJ, Lichtenburger, LM. A role for milk phospholipids in protection against gastric acid. Studies in adult and suckling rats. Gastroenterology 87(2):379-385 (1984). Phospholipids found in raw milk protect the stomach from excess gastric acid, thus providing protection from ulcers.
29.  Palmer, EL, et al. Antiviral activity of colostrum and serum Immunoglobulins A and G. Journal of Medical Virology 5:123-129 (1980). Virus-specific IgA was discovered in colostrum, including anti-polio antibody.
30. Ogra, PL, et al. Colostrum-derived immunity and maternal-neonatal interaction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 409:82-95 (1983). Passive immunity to specific pathogens is passed from mother to infant via colostrum.
31. Brüssow, H., et al. Bovine milk immunoglobulins for passive immunity to infantile rotavirus gastroenteritis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25(6):982-986 (1987). Protection against rotavirus, a dangerous pathogen which can cause serious, even fatal diarrhea in infants, can be passed orally through milk or colostrum safely and effectively.
32. Ebina, T, et al. Passive immunizations of suckling mice and infants with bovine colostrum containing antibodies to human rotavirus. Journal of Medical Virology 38:117-123 (1992). Another study that confirmed that oral immunization via colostrum or milk against rotavirus was possible, safe and effective.
33. Stephan, W, et al. Antibodies from colostrum in oral immunotherapy. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 28:19-23 (1990). An immunoglobulin preparation from pooled bovine colostrum was found to be very effective in treating severe diarrhea, such as often found in AIDS patients.
34. van Hooijdonk, AC, Kussendrager, KD, Steijns, JM. In vivo antimicrobial and antiviral activity of components in bovine milk and colostrum involved in non-specific defense. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S127-S134 (2000). Lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, both present in colostrum in large amounts, provide non-specific defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. This is significant both for the protection of commercially important animals as well as humans.
35. Korhonen, H, et al. Bovine milk antibodies for health. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S135-S146 (2000). Bovine colostrum provides safe, effective protection against many pathogens. This natural immune protection can be extended by hyperimmunizing cows against specific pathogens.
36. Solomons, NW. Modulation of the immune system and the response against pathogens with bovine colostrum concentrates. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56(Suppl.3):524-528
37. Kivinen, A, et al. Gastroprotective effect of milk phospholipids, butter serum lipids and butter serum on ethanol and acetylsalicylic acid induced ulcers in rats. Milchwissenschaft 1991:573-575 (1991). Another study that demonstrated the ability of milk phospholipids to protect the stomach from ulcers produced by stomach acid.
38. Lichtenburger, LM, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and phospholipid prodrugs: combination therapy with anti-secretory agents in rats. Gastroenterology 111(4):990-996 (1996). Combining phospholipid supplements with NSAID drugs reduces damage to the gastrointestinal lining and increases the therapeutic effect of the drugs.
39. Anand, BS, et al. Phospholipid association reduces the gastric mucosal toxicity of aspirin in human subjects. American Journal of Gastroenterology 94(7):1818-1822 (1999). Similar results were found when phospholipids were combined with aspirin.
40. Carlson, SE, et al. Lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants fed a preterm formula with egg phospholipids. Pediatric Research 44(4):491-498 (1998). Necrotizing enterocolitis, a severe inflammation of the gut in newborn infants which causes some 4,000 deaths annually in the US, has a lower incidence when newborns are given formula containing phospholipids.
41. Sabin, AB. Anti-poliomyelitic substance in milk from human beings and certain cows. Journal of Diseases of Children 80:866-870 (1950). Seminal study by Dr. Albert Sabin, inventor of the oral polio vaccine, in which he discovered antibodies against the polio virus in colostrum.
42. Solomons, NW. Modulation of the immune system and the response against pathogens with bovine colostrum concentrates. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56(Suppl.3):524-528 (2002). The ability of colostrum to protect infants against pathogens, specifically those which cause gastroenteritis and severe diarrhea, makes it an ideal, cheap, safe and effective means of protecting children in those parts of the world where medical assistance is lacking or substandard and could save thousands of lives each year.
43. Ho, PC, Lawton, JWM. Human colostral cells: Phagocytosis and killing of E. Coli and C. Albicans. Journal of Pediatrics 93(6):910 -915 (1978). Cells found in colostrum are able to ingest and kill both E. coli and Candida.
44. Majumdar, AS, et al. Protective properties of anti-cholera antibodies in human colostrum. Infection and Immunity 36:962-965 (1982). Colostrum was able to prevent infection with cholera. Colostrum samples from India, where cholera is common, had much higher levels of anti-cholera IgA than those from Sweden, where cholera is rare.
45. Funatogawa, K, et al. Use of immunoglobulin enriched bovine colostrum against oral challenge with enterohaemorrhagic Eschericia coli O157:H7 in mice. Microbiology and Immunology 46(11):761-766 (2002). Colostrum can prevent infection against food-borne pathogens by preventing them from binding to the intestinal lining.
46. Widiasih, DA, et al. Passive transfer of antibodies to Shiga toxin-producing Eschericia coli O26, O111 and O157 antigens in neonatal calves by feeding colostrum. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 66(2):213-215 (2004). Feeding colostrum to calves provided protection against Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli, a particularly deadly strain of E. coli.
47. Acosta-Altamirano, G, et al. Anti-amoebic properties of human colostrum. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 216B:1347-1352 (1987). In addition to its effectiveness against bacterial, viral and fungal infections, colostrum also provides protection against amoebic pathogens.
48. Akisu, C, et al. Effect of human milk and colostrum on Entamoeba histolyica. World Journal of Gastroenterology 10(5):741-742 (2004). Colostrum was found to provide protection against Entamoeba histolyica, the cause of amoebiasis, a serious, chronic illness characterized by dysentery, gastrointestinal ulceration and abscess formation and intestinal blockage in infants particularly.
49. Edde, L, et al. Lactoferrin protects neonatal rats from gut-related systemic infection. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal Liver Physiology 281:G1140-G1150 (2001). Lactoferrin protected neonatal rats from E. coli infection in the intestines. Lactoferrin plus lysozyme was bactericidal against the E. coli.
50. Qiu, J, et al. Human milk lactoferrin inactivates two putative colonization factors expressed by Haemophilus influenzae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95:12641-12646 (1998). Lactoferrin prevents colonization of Haemophilus influenzae, the primary cause of otitis media and other respiratory infections in children, by inactivating two colonization factors expressed by the bacteria.
51. Hasegawa, K, et al. Inhibition with lactoferrin of in vitro infection with human herpes virus. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 47:73-85 (1994). Both human and bovine lactoferrin inhibit infection with human herpes simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus in cell cultures.
52. van der Strate, BW, et al. Antiviral activities of lactoferrin. Antiviral Research 52(3):225-239 (2001). Lactoferrin is effective against both DNA and RNA viruses, including rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes virus and HIV, both by blocking cellular receptors and by directly binding to the viruses.
53. Andersson, Y, et al. Lactoferrin is responsible for the fungistatic effect of human milk. Early Human Development 59:95-105 (2000). Lactoferrin, through its iron-binding ability, is very effective against fungal infections with Candida and other fungi.
54. Samaranayake, YH, et al. Antifungal effects of lysozyme and lactoferrin against genetically similar, sequential Candida albicans isolates from a human immunodeficiency virus-infected Southern Chinese cohort. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39(9):3296-3302 (2001). Lactoferrin plus lysozyme is very effective in killing nearly all oral strains of Candida, which is of particular importance to AIDS sufferers who are often unable to fight off Candida overgrowths, such as thrush.
55. Ellison, RT III, Giehl, TJ. Killing of gram-negative bacteria by lactoferrin and lysozyme. Journal of Clinical Investigation 88(4):1080-1091 (1991). Lactoferrin and lysozyme act together to kill gram-negative bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae (cholera), Salmonella typhimurium (food poisoning) and Eschericia coli. The lactoferrin attaches to and destroys the cell wall of the bacteria, allowing the lysozyme to enter and lyse (burst) the organisms.
56. Harmsen, MC, et al. Antiviral effects of plasma and milk proteins: lactoferrin shows potent activity against both human immunodeficiency virus and human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. Journal of Infectious Diseases172(2):380-388 (1995). Lactoferrin can protect against infection by HIV and human cytomegalovirus by blocking entrance into the body.
57. Berkhout, B, et al. Characterization of the anti-HIV effects of native lactoferrin and other milk proteins and protein-derived peptides. Antiviral Research 55(2):341-355 (2002). Bovine lactoferrin as well as peptides derived from lactoferrin blocks the entry process of HIV into cells.
58. Rump, JA, et al. Treatment of diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum. Clinical Investigator 70:588-594 (1992). Immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum were very effective in treating chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients from a variety of causes. Colostral immunoglobulins are highly resistant to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract.
59. Plettenberg, A, et al. A preparation from bovine colostrum in the treatment of HIV-positive patients with chronic diarrhea. Clinical Investigator 71(1):42-45 (1993). Another study which examined the use of immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum in the treatment of chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients. 40% of the study group experienced complete remission of symptoms and 24% partial remission.
60. Greenberg, PD, Cello, JP. Treatment of severe diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum with oral bovine immunoglobulin concentrate in patients with AIDS. Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 13(4):348-354 (1996). Another study which looked at the treatment of cryptosporidiosis diarrhea in AIDS patients with an immunoglobulin concentrate from bovine colostrum. Best results were found using a powdered form of the concentrate rather than in capsules.
61. Korhonen, H, et al. Milk immunoglobulins and complement factors. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S75-S80 (2000). Bovine colostrum contains three main classes of immunoglobulin IgG (IgG1 75% and IgG2), IgM and IgA, plus hemolytic and bactericidal complement. Complement is a complex group of proteins which act in concert with antibodies to inactivate and/or kill pathogens.
62. Gopal, PK, and Gill, HS. Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum. British Journal of Nutrition 84(Suppl.1):S69-S74 (2000). Another way colostrum helps protect against infections is through the oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates it contains. These are complex sugars which compete for binding sites in the GI tract with pathogens.
63. Janusz, M, Lisowski, J. Proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) - an immunomodulatory peptide from ovine colostrum. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 41:275-279 (1993). A unique, non-species specific polypeptide which plays an immunomodulatory role in the immune system. It can induce the differentiation of thymocytes into functional T-cells as well as increase the permeability of skin blood vessels. What makes it unique is that a second exposure to the polypeptide reverses the changes induced by first exposure.
64. Julius, MH, et al. A colostral protein that induces the growth and differentiation of resting B lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 140:1366-1371 (1988). Colostrinin has also been shown to induce the growth and differentiation of resting B lymphocytes. T and B lymphocytes are the two main types of lymphocytes involved in the immune response.
65. Blach-Olszewska, Z, Janusz, M. Stimulatory effect of ovine colostrinine (a proline-rich polypeptide) on interferons and tumor necrosis factor product by murine resident peritoneal cells. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapie Experimentalis (Warsaw) 45(1):43-47 (1997). Colostrinin stimulates the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) and interferon-beta (INF-?), both important cytokines in the inflammatory response.
66. Hagiwara, K, et al. Oral administration of IL-1 beta enhanced the proliferation of lymphocytes and the O(2)(-) production of neutrophil in newborn calf. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 81(1-2):59-69 (2001) Interleukin-1? in colostrum stimulates the immune system by increasing the amount of peripheral white blood cells, especially monocytes.
67. Bocci, V, et al. What is the role of cytokines in human colostrum? Journal of Biologic Regulatory and Homeostatic Agents 5(4):121-124 (1991). The cytokines present in colostrum, such as TNF-?, interferon-?, IL-1 and IL-6, have an immunostimulatory effect. This could be significant for aged people or others with immunodeficiency.
68. Bessler, H., et al. Human colostrum stimulates cytokine production. Biology of the Neonate 69(6):376-382 (1996). Colostrum has also been shown to stimulate the production of certain cytokines, IL-1, IL-3 and IL-6, in peripheral white blood cells (monocytes).
69. Bogdan, C, Nathan, C. Modulation of macrophage function by transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 685:713-739 (1993). Certain cytokines found in colostrum, TGF-?, IL-4 and IL-10, have a modulatory effect on macrophages, either stimulating or deactivating them as conditions dictate.
70. Gahr, M, et al. Influence of lactoferrin on the function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 49(5):427-433 (1991). White blood cells (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) exposed to lactoferrin from bovine colostrum exhibit increased motility and produce more superoxide (a powerful antioxidant).
71. Sirota, L, et al. Effect of human colostrum on interleukin-2 production and natural killer cell activity. Archive of Diseases in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition 72(3):F99-102 (1995). Colostrum stimulates or inhibits the production of IL-2 depending on its concentration. It also inhibits the activity of natural killer cells, but the production of IL-2 reverses this effect. This is thought to be another way that colostrum modulates the immune system response.
72. Borody, TJ, et al. Tunnel vision in the bowel. Center for Digestive Diseases (2001). Review of irritable bowel syndrome, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and its etiology, including infective agents such as Shigella and Campylobacter. Infections of the gut are difficult to treat because no antimicrobial therapy is available that is effective against Clostridia spores. Only bovine colostrum has proven clinical efficacy in eradicating intestinal pathogens, such as rotavirus, and may help control the infections seen in chronic disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome due to the number of biologically active components in colostrum. The growth factors in colostrum help heal intestinal erosions and ulcerations. It also contains anti-inflammatory factors and is nutrient rich. Colostrum may be used alone or in combination with other anti-inflammatory and/or immune substances. Future research should focus on identifying immune strategies, novel delivery systems and identification of the bioactives in colostrum.
73. Prosser, C, et al. Reduction in heat induced gastrointestinal hyperpermeability in rats by bovine colostrum and goat milk powders. Journal of Applied Physiology 96:650-654 (2004). Bovine colostrum healed "leaky gut" in an experimental rat model used heat induced gastrointestinal hyperpermeability.
74. Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Repair Group, Imperial College, London (2003). Unpublished research. In an in vitro experimental study, colostrum stimulated intestinal cell growth and reestablished a healthy epithelial layer following injury. In an in vivo experimental study, colostrum powder was also shown to reduce gastric injury.
75. Bitzan, MM, et al. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae binding to lipid receptors by bovine colostrum. Journal of Infectious Diseases 177:955-961 (1998). Bovine colostrum blocked binding of H. pylori (a major cause of chronic gastritis and ulcers in humans) and H. mustelae (a similar pathogen found in ferrets). This is apparently a function of the phosphatidylethanolamine found in colostrum and BIO-lipid.
76. Korhonen, H. Bactericidal effect of bovine normal and immune serum, colostrum and milk against Helicobacter pylori. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 78:655-662 (1995). The antibody-complement system found in bovine colostrum was also found to be bactericidal against H. pylori.
77. Carver, JD, Barness, LA. Trophic factors for the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical Perinatology 23(2):265-285 (1996). Factors in colostrum which promote the development of the GI tract in newborn infants also help protect against such diseases as Crohn's disease, colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and diarrhea.
78. Bühler, C., et al. Small intestinal morphology in eight-day-old calves fed colostrum for different durations or only milk replacer and treated with long-R3-insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone. Journal of Animal Science 76:758-765 (1998). The intestines of calves fed colostrum compared to those not fed colostrum revealed that those fed colostrum had significantly increased villus size and crypt depths. This translates into greater surface area and thus increased absorption of nutrients.
79. Blättler, U, et al. Feeding colostrum, its composition and feeding duration variably modify proliferation and morphology of the intestine and digestive enzyme activities of neonatal calves. Journal of Nutrition 131(4):1256-1263 (2001). A similar study done on calves either receiving or not receiving colostrum. This study concentrated on the development and health of the gastrointestinal epithelium and found that the development and health of this epithelium was markedly superior in those receiving colostrum. Colostrum also influenced the production of lipase enzyme by the pancreas.
80. Pluske, JR, Morel, PCH. Increasing weaner pig productivity in New Zealand pig herds. Unpublished research (1999). Piglets fed a liquid supplement with colostrum powder had a marked increase in villi height in the lumen of the small intestine, indicating greater digestion and absorption of nutrients. There were also an increased number of immune cells in the villi, indicating enhanced immune competency.
81. Playford, RJ, et al. Bovine colostrum is a health food supplement which prevents NSAID induced gut damage. Gut 44:653-658 (1999). Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are very effective in controlling joint pain in arthritis, their use also causes significant, and sometimes fatal, gastrointestinal damage. Supplementation with colostrum, however, significantly reduced and healed injury caused by NSAIDs.
82. Playford, RJ, et al. Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increase in intestinal permeability. Clinical Science 100:627-633 (2001). Another study by Dr. Playford on the ability of colostrum to prevent damage due to NSAID use. This study showed that colostrum also prevents an increase in gastrointestinal permeability due to NSAID use, whereas NSAID use alone without colostrum causes an increase in permeability.
83. Goldman, AS, et al. Anti-inflammatory properties of human milk. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 75(5):689-695 (1986). The major anti-inflammatory components found in human milk (and bovine colostrum) include anti-proteases, lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory IgA, and a number of antioxidants, including cysteine, ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene.
84. Murphey, DK, Buescher, ES. Human colostrum has anti-inflammatory activity in a rat subcutaneous air pouch model of inflammation. Pediatric Research 34(2):208-212 (1993). In an experimental animal model using subcutaneous air pouches in rats, colostrum showed significant anti-inflammatory activity.
85. Buescher, ES, McWilliams-Koeppen, P. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptors in human colostrum and milk bind to TNF-alpha and neutralize TNF-alpha bioactivity. Pediatric Research 44(1):37-42 (1998). The ability of colostrum to modulate the inflammatory response is unique. One of the ways in which it does this is through TNF-? receptor proteins, which are found in colostrum. These bind to TNF-?, which inactivates the TNF-?. TNF-? is the activator of the entire inflammatory cascade, so by controlling its activity, colostrum controls the degree of the inflammatory response and can shut it off altogether.
86. Feldmann, M, et al. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Annual Review of Immunology 14:397-440 (1996). This study confirmed that TNF-? is the major controlling factor in the inflammatory response seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore the ability of colostrum to modulate the activity of TNF-? may be the way in which colostrum is of benefit to those suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (and other types of arthritis as well).
87. Hagiwara, K, et al. Detection of cytokines in bovine colostrum. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 76:183-190 (2000). Colostrum contains five cytokines, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, IL-1ra (receptor antagonist) and INF-?, which have known immunomodulatory effects.
88. Feldmann, M, et al. Cytokines in autoimmune disorders. International Review of Immunology 17(1-4)217-228 (1998). Cytokines are important protein mediators of immunity, inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, fibrosis, and so forth, in other words, all the major biological processes which underlie autoimmune disorders. Modulating the effects of these cytokines, particularly TNF-?, can result in amelioration of the symptoms of the disorders.
89. De Keyser, F, et al. Gut inflammation and spondyloarthropathies. Current Rheumatology Reports 4(6):525-532 (2002). Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) are a related group of arthritic conditions which include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. SpA have been correlated with gut inflammation and are immunologically related Crohn's disease. Colostrum's ability to control gut inflammation and modulate the activity of TNF-? indicate that it may be of benefit in SpA treatment.
90. Nitsch, A, Nitsch, FP. Clinical use of bovine colostrum. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 13(2) (1998). A colostrum preparation was used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis with good results.
91. Britigan, BE, et al. The role of lactoferrin as an anti-inflammatory molecule. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 357:143-156 (1994). While the role of lactoferrin in providing non-specific immunity is well documented, it also plays a role in the anti-inflammatory response through its antioxidant effect.
92. Conneely, OM. Anti-inflammatory activities of lactoferrin. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20(Suppl. 5):389S-395S (2001). Lactoferrin inhibits dermal inflammatory cytokine production and acts as a potent anti-inflammatory protein at local sites of inflammation, including the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
93. Stanton, G, et al. Use of colostrinin, constituent peptides thereof, and analogs thereof, as oxidative stress regulators. US Patent #6,500,798 (2002). Colostrinin acts as a general purpose oxidative stress regulator. It can be used to reduce the effects of oxidative stress (i.e. free radicals) either locally, such as on the skin, or as a supplement for the entire body.
94. Collins, AM, et al. Bovine milk, including pasteurized milk, contains antibodies directed against allergens of clinical importance to man. International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology 96:362-367 (1991). The presence of antibodies against many of the most common allergies in man, including ryegrass pollen, house dust mites, Aspergillus mold and wheat gluten, were detected in bovine colostrum.
95. Delespesse, G. Polypeptide factors from colostrum. US Patent #5,371,073 (1994). IgE (the immunoglobulin involved in allergic response) binding factors (IgE-bf) and IgE suppressor activity (IgE-SF) obtained from colostrum have been successfully used to treat allergies.
96. Leszek, J, et al. Colostrinin^®: a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) complex isolated from ovine colostrum for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 47:377-385 (1999). Colostrinin has psycho-immuno-enhancing activity. It was given to patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild to moderate dementia and compared to placebo and selenium, another putative natural treatment for Alzheimer's. Colostrinin demonstrated stabilization of symptoms in 13 of 15 patients as compared to none in the selenium group.
97. Leszek, J, et al. Colostrinin^® proline-rich polypeptide complex from ovine colostrum - a long-term study of its efficacy in Alzheimer's disease. Medical Science Monitor 8(10):P193-P196 (2002). In a longer-term study, colostrinin produced improvement or stabilization in patients involved in the study.
98. Amaducci, L, et al. Use of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 640:245-249 (1991). Supplementation with phosphatidylserine, one of the phospholipids found in BIO-lipid, also produces an improvement in symptoms in Alzheimer's.
99. Crook, TH, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology 41(5):644-649 (1991). Patients with age-associated memory impairment showed significant improvement in memory performance tests with phosphatidylserine supplementation over a 12 week period.

1Crook, T, et al. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 28(1):61-66 (1992). Another study which showed an improvement in symptoms of Alzheimer's with phosphatidylserine supplementation over 12 weeks. The less the impairment, the greater the improvement, suggesting that the earlier phosphatidylserine supplementation is begun in the course of the disease, the better the results will be.

1. Cross, CE, et al. Oxygen radicals and human disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 107(4):526-545 (1987). Oxygen free radicals, the by-products of normal metabolism, have been implicated in disease processes ranging from carcinogenesis to aging, emphasizing the importance of antioxidants in combating these conditions.
2. Ames, BN, et al. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90(17):7915-7922 (1993). Oxidant by-products of metabolism cause significant damage to DNA, proteins and lipids. This damage results in aging and the degenerative diseases associated with aging, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune system decline, brain dysfunction and cataracts. Antioxidant defenses against these diseases decline with age, necessitating the supplementation of antioxidants in the diet.
3. Shigenaga, MK, et al. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91(23):10771-10778 (1994). The major source of oxidative damage are oxidants generated by mitochondria in the cells of the body. Mitochondrial function declines with age, including decreased membrane fluidity, proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and decreases levels of cardiolipin, an important lipid which supports the functioning of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
4. Kurz, DJ, et al. Chronic oxidative stress compromises telomere integrity and accelerates the onset of senescence in human endothelial cells. Journal of Cell Science 117:2417-2426 (2004). Oxidative stress due to the buildup of oxidization by-products has been linked to the onset of cell senescence in blood vessel lining cells by disrupting telomere integrity. Telomeres are the "tails" of the chromosomes, the length of which determine the number of cell divisions a cell can undergo before reaching its limit. Glutathione, a powerful natural antioxidant, is crucial in maintaining telomere integrity.
5. Borissenko, M. Glutathione: A powerful anti-oxidant found in colostrum. NZMP August 2002. Both glutathione and its chemical predecessors are present in large quantities in colostrum. As glutathione is not absorbed directly, glutathione production in the body can only be accomplished by supplementation with its antecedents, cystine, glycine and glutamic acid, all of which are abundant in colostrum.
6. Buescher, ES, McIlheran, SM. Antioxidant properties of human colostrum. Pediatric Research 24(1):14-19 (1988). Colostrum reduces ferricytochrome C in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and also disrupts other metabolic and enzymatic activities of PMNs which are crucial in PMN respiratory burst mediation of acute inflammation, showing that colostrum is a powerful antioxidant.
7. Buescher, ES, McIlheran, SM. Colostral antioxidants: separation and characterization of two activities in human colostrum. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 14(1):47-56 (1992). Colostrum interferes with the production of PMN respiratory burst products in two ways, ascorbate and uric acid.
8. Boldogh, I, et al. Modulation of 4HNE-mediated signaling by proline-rich peptides from ovine colostrum. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 20(2):125-134 (2003). Colostrinin down regulates lipid peroxidation, inhibits glutathione depletion and reduces intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is one more way that colostrum demonstrates antioxidant activity.
9. Wakabayashi, H, et al. Inhibition of iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation by an N-terminal peptide of bovine lactoferrin and its acylated derivatives. Bioscience, Biotechnology, Biochemistry 63(5):955-957 (1999). Lactoferrin also plays an important antioxidant role in colostrum by preventing lipid peroxidation.

 

RECEPTOL® in Disaster Relief

By PROF. RALPH FOSTER, M.D., M.P.H.

Our public health community is in an enviable position today of having the ability to provide biotech products and services to prevent and reduce infectious disease as major health concerns for the Tsunami survivors.

Globalceuticals, Inc. is committed to bringing the discovery of informational proteins into the public domain in the form of RECEPTOL^®; a biotech product that reorients the system of the body to support wellness, by normalizing mammal cellular function, provides stoichometric hindrance to viruses at the cellular surface to prevent viruses attaching to cell surfaces, and when needed induce recovery. 

Recently, the SARS virus was a high profile disease in China.  SARS is a virus, like many other viruses can be treated successfully with RECEPTOL.  The RECEPTOL^® software includes an uncounted number of ligand protein units all designed to key into cellular receptor sites and block viruses from attaching to human cells.  Exploration of new health possibilities becomes essential to making a difference in the quality of people's lives.

To date RECEPTOL^® (infopeptide supplementation) is indicated for the prevention and reduction of: Tuberculosis, Acute and chronic viral infections (HAV, HCV, HIV, SARS, Mononucleosis, Colds, Flus, and Rabies), Allergies, Thrush, Viral and Bacterial Pharyngitis, Celiac Sprue, Kuru (Prion Disease), topical applications (burns, infections, and insect bites). The world needs a more effective method of response to life threatening infectious diseases that is:

• Broadly effective with ancillary effect against a wide range of opportunistic infections
• Safe under all circumstances including extended use
• Without the prospect for eventual resistance
• Practical, palatable and easy to administer
• Compatible with other treatments
• Compatible with religious and cultural sensitivities
• Universally available
• Priced appropriately in all markets
• Available to the poor with assistance from non-profit organizations

Ralph Foster, a professor of health sciences at the University of Phoenix, has 25+ years experience in immunological research, as well as in NIAID, NIH Conference presentations.  He has had international, hands on experience in medicine, and public health.  He is currently located in San Miguel, California. 

 

COPYRIGHT ã 2004, Prof. Ralph Foster, M.D., M.P.H.  All Rights Reserved.

RECEPTOL® EFFICACY TEST REPORT

1. RECEPTOL’S® Mode of Action

RECEPTOL’S® Info-protein matrix works:

1. The small molecular weight proteins called peptides act as attachment inhibitors, by docking on the CD4 GP-120 receptor site preventing the attachment of HIV.
   
2. Once docked on CD4 GP-120 receptor site, it sends a signal telling the other CD4 T- cells to “lock-down” and not allow HIV to attach.
   
3. In the first 30-60 days the viral load may increase, because it cannot attach.
   
4. CD4 T-cells will also begin to increase in the first 30-60 days.
   
5. The viral load will begin to decrease significantly from 60 days on, and go undetected in 180-210 days.
   

2. Intra-Oral Absorption

The reason Intra-Oral is so fast, is the flow of absorbed nutrients from this area of the mouth is to the Carotid Artery, this is the large artery that supplies blood to the brain and the heart. Absorption through this method supplies nutrients to the brain and the heart within 22 to 30 seconds! Within minutes, it is totally dispersed throughout the body.

The Absorption Effectiveness Chart on this page is based on the authoritative Physician's Desk Reference Manual and clearly illustrates the difference in absorption by various means. Oral Absorption through the mucosa (the lining of the mouth) is the preferred choice of medical experts, and provides up to 9-times more effective absorption into the bloodstream... within just seconds.

Oral absorption is the preferred choice of medical experts for the administration of nutrients and drugs over the orally swallowed tablet or pill, thus avoiding the gastrointestinal tract and its many limitation." - Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms (Howard C. Ansel, Ph.D., Second Edition, 1976).

"When DHEA is swallowed in a capsule, it first must pass through the liver before it can reach the body. The liver may metabolize up to 90% of the DHEA before it reaches the rest of the body. By opening the capsule, and holding the powder under your tongue before swallowing, you will get rapid absorption into your brain where it can produce neurological protection and enhancement."

- Life Extension Foundation Newsletter, July 1996.

"... asthmatics who use inhaled steroids are half as likely to be hospitalized as those who use other (forms of) - or no - medication." - 16,941 HMO enrollee study published in JAMA.

3. Evidence of Non-recurrence of HIV after the treatment is stopped.

Phase 3 – HIV trial

In November 2002, Phase 3 of the study on HIV began in Rwanda. The protocol was similar to that which was employed in Phase 1 and Phase 2.

Objectives: To demonstrate, under clinical conditions, the safety and efficacy of infoprotein supplementation in patients known to have advanced disease (HIV/AIDS). Cohorts were all symptomatic, ambulatory, compliant and native to anti-retroviral therapy.

Limitations: The transient nature of the cohort population and minimal control of product use.

Population: 60 cohorts, term: 365 days and moderate control of product use.

Considerations: All cohorts receive oral supplementation of RECEPTOL® every 6 hours for a period of 365 days.

25

Some patients could not refrigerate the product after opening, therefore exposing it to the denaturing effect of bacterial contamination.

The patients were not made aware of the positive potential of the product.

Results:· The product appeared to be free of side effects and generally well tolerated by the participants. Some signs, consistent with detoxification, were noted but resolved when the patients increased their water consumption.

• The product demonstrated significant value by reducing or resolving the symptoms of opportunistic infections most commonly associated with the dynamic of HIV/AIDS.
  
  
• Patients often experienced weight gains as part of an overall pattern of positive response.
  
  
• After 1 day of use there was a moderate level of relief of fever and diarrhea.
  
  
• After 14 days of use all patients experienced relief of skin lesions, mouth thrush, fever, diarrhea, tuberculosis.
  
  
• After 90 days of use all patients experienced relief of all symptoms.
  
  
• After 330 days all patients are still not experiencing any negative symptoms.
  

Discussion:

In brief, the patients recovered very quickly but complain of INTENSE HUNGER AND THIRST. It is VITAL TO INTERVENE BY GIVING PROTEIN SUPPLIMENTATION to be able to observe the body reconstruction as most patients are very poor and have low protein intake. Generally speaking there is an excellent recovery for all patients that have been on the product but the EXTREME HUNGER is hindering the weight gain process. – Dr. Rusibira, Internal Medicine Specialist.

Summary:

Positive clinical results are continually observed in the Rwanda patients.

4. Control: Positive & Negative

All subjects were given the RECEPTOL® in the East African study. There wasn’t a control group given a placebo or another HIV/AIDS drug. There were no side effects reported other then increase appetite, energy and hopefulness.

5. Can a healthy person take it as a prophylaxis, prevention for HIV?

At this time we are uncertain that RECEPTOL® can be used as a prophylaxis for HIV. Theoretically, because of the mode of operation, one can surmise that it may very well work as an effective prophylaxis. We would entertain the idea of further clinical trials to find the answer.

Mycoplasmas - Stealth Pathogens
http://www.rain-tree.com/myco.htm

Mycoplasmas are a specific and unique species of bacteria - the smallest free-living organism known on the planet. The primary differences between mycoplasmas and other bacteria is that bacteria have a solid cell-wall structure and they can grow in the simplest culture media.

Mycoplasmas however, do not have a cell wall, and like a tiny jellyfish with a pliable membrane, can take on many different shapes which make them difficult to identify, even under a high powered electron microscope. Mycoplasmas can also be very hard to culture in the laboratory and are often missed as pathogenic causes of diseases for this reason.

The accepted name was chosen because Mycoplasmas were observed to have a fungi-like structure (Mycology is the study of fungi - hence "Myco") and it also had a flowing plasma-like structure without a cell wall - hence "plasma". The first strains were isolated from cattle with arthritis and pleuro-pneumonia in 1898 at the Pasteur Institute.

The first human strain was isolated in 1932 from an abscessed wound.
The first connection between mycoplasmas and rheumatoid diseases was made in 1939 by Drs. Swift and Brown.

Unfortunately, mycoplasmas didn't become part of the medical school curriculum until the late 1950's when one specific strain was identified and proven to be the cause of atypical pneumonia, and named Mycoplasma pneumonia.

The association between immunodeficiency and autoimmune disorders with mycoplasmas was first reported in the mid 1970s in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia (an autoimmune disease) and infection with four species of mycoplasma that had localized in joint tissue. Since that time, scientific testing methodologies have made critical technological progress and along with it, more mycoplasma species have been identified and recorded
in animals, humans and even plants.

While Mycoplasma pneumonia is certainly not the only species causing disease in humans, it makes for a good example of how this stealth pathogen can move out of it's typical environment and into other parts of the body and begin causing other diseases. While residing in the respiratory tract and lungs, Mycoplasma pneumonia remains an important cause of pneumonia and other airway disorders, such as tracheobronchitis, pharyngitis and asthma.

When this stealth pathogen hitches a ride to other parts of the body, it is associated with non-pulmonary manifestations, such as blood, skin, joint, central nervous system, liver, pancreas, and cardiovascular syndromes and disorders. Even as far back as 1983, doctors at Yale noted:

"Over the past 20 years the annual number of reports on extrapulmonary symptoms during Mycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae disease has increased. Clinical and epidemiological data indicate that symptoms from the skin and mucous membranes, from the central nervous system, from the heart, and perhaps from other organs as well are not quite uncommon manifestations of M. pneumoniae disease."

This single stealth pathogen has been discovered in the urogenital tract of patients suffering from inflammatory pelvic disease, urethritis, and other urinary tract diseases.

It has been discovered in the heart tissues and fluid of patients suffering from cardititis, pericarditis, tachycardia, hemolytic anemia, and other coronary heart diseases. It has been found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and encephalitis, seizures, ALS, Alzheimer's and other central nervous system infections, diseases and disorders.

It has even been found regularly in the bone marrow of children with leukemia. It is amazing that one single tiny bacteria can be the cause of so many seemingly unrelated diseases in humans. But as with all mycoplasma species, the disease is directly related to where the
mycoplasma resides in the body and which cells in the body it attaches to or invades.

Today, over 100 documented species of mycoplasmas have been recorded to cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

Mycoplasma pneumonia as well as at least 7 other mycoplasma species have now been linked as a direct cause or significant co-factor to many chronic diseases including, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, diabetes, Crohn's Disease, ALS, nongonoccal urethritis, asthma, lupus, infertility, AIDS and certain cancers and
leukemia, just to name a few.

In 1997, the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's journal, Emerging Infectious Diseases, published the article, Mycoplasmas: Sophisticated, Reemerging, and Burdened by Their Notoriety, by Drs. Baseman and Tully who stated:

"Nonetheless, mycoplasmas by themselves can cause acute and chronic diseases at multiple sites with wide-ranging complications and have been implicated as cofactors in disease. Recently, mycoplasmas have been linked as a cofactor to AIDS pathogenesis and to malignant transformation, chromosomal aberrations, the Gulf War Syndrome, and other unexplained and complex illnesses, including chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn's disease, and various arthritides."

Mycoplasmas, unlike viruses, can grow in tissue fluids (blood, joint, heart, chest and spinal fluids) and can grow inside any living tissue cell without killing the cells, as most normal bacteria and viruses will do.

Mycoplasmas are frequently found in the oral and genito-urinary tracts of normal healthy people and are found to infect females four times more often than males, which just happens to be the same incidence rate in rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue and other related disorders. Mycoplasmas are parasitic in nature and can attach to specific cells
without killing the cells and thus their infection process and progress can go undetected.

In some people the attachment of mycoplasmas to the host cell acts like a living thorn; a persistent foreign substance, causing the host's immune defense mechanism to wage war. This allergic type of inflammation often results in heated, swollen, and painful inflamed tissues, like those found in rheumatoid diseases, fibromyalgia and many other autoimmune disorders like lupus and MS, Crohn's and others.

In such cases the immune system begins attacking itself and/or seemingly healthy cells. Some species of mycoplasmas also have the unique ability to completely evade the immune system. Once they attach to a host cell in the body, their unique plasma and protein coating can then mimic the cell wall of the host cell and the immune system cannot differentiate the mycoplasma
from the body's own host cell.

Mycoplasmas are parasitic in nature because they rely on the nutrients found in host cells including cholesterol, amino acids, fatty acids and even DNA.

They especially thrive in cholesterol rich and arginine-rich environments. Mycoplasmas can generally be found in the mucous membrane in the respiratory tract. They need cholesterol for membrane function and growth, and there is an abundance of cholesterol in the bronchial tubes of the respiratory tract. Once attached to a host cell, they then begin competing for nutrients
inside the host cells.

As nutrients are depleted, then these host cells can begin to malfunction, or even change normal functioning of the cell, causing a chain reaction with other cells (especially within the immune and endocrine systems). Mycoplasmas can even cause RNA and DNA mutation of the host cells and have been linked to certain cancers for this reason.

Mycoplasmas can also invade and live inside host cells which evade the immune system, especially white blood cells. Once inside a white blood cell, mycoplasmas can travel throughout the body and even cross the blood/brain barrier, and into the central cervous system and spinal fluid.

How Mycoplasmas Interact In The Body
To understand how mycoplasmas can cause widespread disease, we must first look at the species' unique properties and interactions with host cells. Unlike viruses and bacteria, mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living and self-duplicating microorganisms, as they don't require living cells to replicate their DNA and growth.
Mycoplasmas are able to hide inside the cells of the host (patient) or to attach to the outside of host cells. Whether they live inside or outside the host cell, they depend on host cells for nutrients such as cholesterol, amino acids, etc. They compete with the host cells for these nutrients which can interfere with host cell function without killing the host cell.
A mycoplasma has very little DNA of its own, but is capable of using DNA from a host cell. When a mycoplasma takes over the DNA of the host cell, anything can happen - including causing that cell to malfunction in many different ways and/or die, or can cause DNA mutation of the host cell. Mycoplasmas attach to host cells with a tiny arm coated in protein which
attaches to the protein coating of host cells. For this reason, antibiotics like tetracycline, which are classified as "protein synthesis inhibitors" are often used against mycoplasma infections. While these antibiotics may block this protein attachment and very slowly starve it from the nutrients it needs from host cells to thrive and replicate, it still takes a healthy immune system to actually kill the mycoplasma for good. Mycoplasmas are highly adaptable to changing environments and can move anywhere in the body, attaching to or invading virtually any type of cell in the body.
The mycoplasma adhesion proteins are very similar to human proteins. Once adhered to the host cell, the mycoplasma can completely mimic or copy the protein cell of the host cell. This can cause the immune system to begin attacking the body's own cells; an event that happens in all autoimmune diseases.
Certain Mycoplasma species can either activate or suppress host immune systems, and they may use these activities to evade host immune responses. Mycoplasmas can turn on the chain reaction called an immune system response. This includes the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (chemical messengers of the immune system) which is generally found in most
autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and disorders.
Mycoplasma can also attach to or invade immune system cells, like the very phagocytes (natural killer cells) that are supposed to kill them. Inside these phagocytes, they can be carried to new locations of inflammation or disease - hidden away like a spy who has infiltrated the defending army. When a mycoplasma attaches to a host cell, it generates and releases hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals which cause oxidative stress and damage to the surrounding tissues.

The Main Human Mycoplasma Pathogens
Pathogen / Implicated Disease
Mycoplasma genitalium Arthritis, chronic nongonococcal urethritis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, other urogenital infections and diseases, infertility, AIDS/HIV
Mycoplasma fermentansArthritis, Gulf War Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Lupus, AIDS/HIV, autoimmune diseases, ALS, psoriasis and Scleroderma, Crohn's and IBS, cancer, endocrine disorders, Multiple Sclerosis, diabetes Mycoplasma salivarium Arthritis, TMJ disorders, Eye and ear disorders and infections, gingivitis, periodontal diseases including even cavities.
Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Two mycoplasmas commonly found
in the urogenital tracts of healthy persons. However, over the years, the pathogenic roles of these mycoplasmas have been proven in adult urogenital tract diseases, neonatal respiratory infections, and a range of other diseases usually in immunocompromised patients.
Mycoplasma pneumonia Pneumonia, asthma, upper and lower respiratory diseases, heart diseases, leukemia, CNS disorders and diseases, urinary tract infections, Crohn's and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, autoimmune diseases. Mycoplasma incognitus and Mycoplasma penetrans AIDS/HIV, urogenital infections and diseases, Autoimmune disorders and diseases.
Mycoplasma pirum Urogenital infections and diseases, AIDS/HIV.

---

Cause?
Quote: Today, over 100 documented species of mycoplasmas have been recorded to cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

BeiYin: I need to make a remark here. As I see it, the mycoplasmas are NOT the cause of a disease, they are a symptom. If we see them as the cause then we will try to eliminate them how we are used to do it, but the cause will not been taken away and then will produce another symptom, maybe even more difficult to detect and to treat. I see the image of circulating vultures high up in the sky. We can't see them because they are flying too high, but they can see everything which moves down here because their eyes are specialized. They never attack any healthy animal or human but as soon an alive being shows some weakness, they are coming nearer, waiting for another sign of debility, then they are ready to attack... So if the mycoplasmas enter a cell then probably there is some debility caused by some reason which has nothing to do with the mycoplasmas. The cell might be damaged by toxins for example, maybe only very little. But even a very strong castle with high thick walls will alow that rats enter if there is just a tiny hole. Right? Then the rates will be undermine the walls and the enemies will enter and destroy all... Resume: We should try to find the real cause and if we can't see it then in spite of it we can start to reflect about all elements which might cause a damage even we can't make a logical connection and then decide which of the influences we eliminate by changing our lifestyle or our habits. There might be harmless things we do but in combination with another harmless thing it might cause a harmful effect

SCIENTIFIC FACTS VERSUS FICTION
ABOUT MYCOPLASMA
Aristo Vojdani, Ph.D., M.T.

INTRODUCTION

Members of the genus Mycoplasma are the smallest organisms lacking cell walls that are capable of self-replication and cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

Seven different species of mycoplasma have been associated with various infections in humans. The earliest reports of mycoplasma infectious agents in humans appeared in the 1930s, 1940s and finally, in the early 1960s. The definite relationship between Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the primary atypical pneumoniae was established.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Today, M.pneumoniae remains an important cause of pneumonia and other airway disorders such as tracheobronchitis and pharyngitis. This organism is also associated with extrapulmonary manifestations such as hematopoietic, joint, central nervous system, liver, pancreas and cardiovascular syndromes.

Mycoplasma genitalium
M.genitalium was originally isolated from urethral specimens of two men with nongonococcal urethritis. This organism could be involved in pelvic inflammatory disease. A DNA probe hybridization assay has indicated that M.genitalium was present in urogenital specimens collected from 60% of male homosexual patients with recurrent or persistent nongonococcal urethritis and 22% of heterosexual men with recurrent urethritis, compared with 9% of men without urethritis.

Ureaplasma urealyticum
Ureaplasma urealyticum is considered to be a commensal organism in the lower genital tract of sexually-active women and has been found at a colonization rate of 40 to 80%. In some colonized pregnant women, ureaplasmas have been considered to be a cause of chorioamnionitis and premature delivery. They are frequently transmitted from mothers to their infants, and this may cause various diseases which includes pneumonia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, chronic infection of the central nervous system and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Mycoplasma fermentans, M. pirum, M. hominis, and M.penetrans
Mycoplasma fermentans, M. pirum, M. hominis, and M. penetrans have been proposed as human pathogens and possible cofactors in HIV infection. These organisms may contribute to the variation in the time from infection with HIV to the development of AIDS symptoms.

Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus)
Mycoplasma fermentans is considered to be a commensal in the human mucosal tissues and has often been found in saliva and oropharyngeal of 45% of healthy adults. Also, M. fermentans organisms have been isolated from the human urogenital tract and are suspected of invading host tissues from a site of mucosal colonization.

Although mycoplasmas are recognized primarily as extracellular parasites or pathogens of mucosal surfaces, recent evidence suggests that certain species may invade the host cells.

The molecular and cellular bases for the invasion of M. fermentans from mucosal cells to the bloodstream and its colonization of blood remain unknown.

Also, it remains unclear whether M. fermentans infection of white blood cells is transient, intermittent or persistent. It is not clear how these stages influence any disease progression. The invasion of host blood cells by M. fermentans is due to inhibition of phagocytosis by a variety of mechanisms, including antiphagocytic proteins such as proteases, phospholipases and by oxygen radicals produced by mycoplasmas.

Mycoplasma fermentans is capable of fusing with lymphocytes and changing their immunological characteristics.

Mycoplasma fermentans cells are able to fuse with Tlymphocytes and change their characteristic of cytokine production. By electron microscopy we have been able to show that M. fermentans can indeed fuse with CD4 (Molt-3) cells and induce production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Prevalence of M. fermentans in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and comparison with healthy subjects

Using PCR and genetic probes, we were able to demonstrate that between 30 and 35% of CFS patients and 4 to 8% of healthy controls do carry the Mycoplasma fermentans genome in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

While PCR and genetic probes are rapid and sensitive methods for detecting M. fermentans in clinical specimens, the clinical significance of this organism in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome should be determined by further research studies.

We emphasize that M. fermentans is not the etiologic agent for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. It may serve as a cofactor in the induction of cytokines and other immune abnormalities found in CFS. These abnormalities may compromise the immune system, allowing other agents, whether they be biological, chemical, or both, to exert an effect resulting in symptomatology shown in CFIDS. Therefore, if the genome of this bacteria is detected in the blood cells of patients with chronic illnesses, treatment with antibiotics may be the logical step for its elimination from the blood.

Mycoplasmafermentans in Persian Gulf War veterans

Due to the similarity of symptoms in patients of Gulf War Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, we applied the PCR and genetic probe methodologies to the blood samples of the soldiers and found a similar percentage (32%) to be positive for the M. fermentans genome. Since the percent detection of M. fermentans genome in Persian Gulf War Syndrome is similar to that of Chronic Fatigue, we believe that M. fermentans is a cofactor and not the major cause of illness in the soldiers of the Persian Gulf War.

Claims that HIV genome was inserted in mycoplasma fermentans are unfounded.

In one study, it was suggested that pathogenic mycoplasma genomes were genetically manipulated, and part of the HIV genome was inserted into M. fermentans causing a large number of disease cases among veterans. To prove or disprove this claim, we attempted to amplify various regions of the HIV genome by using primers specific for different regions of the HIV genome in the PCR assay. We also utilized the extremely sensitive method of Southern Blot analysis with probes specific for the HIV genome. Using both methodologies we found no portion of the HIV genome among DNA samples of Gulf War veterans who were infected with mycoplasma. In all cases, we found that only the M. fermentans-specific probe reacted with the DNA samples and the specific probe of HIV did not react. The results of this experiment clearly indicate that the above claim regarding insertion of the HIV genome into M. fermentans is scientifically unfounded.

Mycoplasma and rheumatoid arthritis

• The occurrence of various mycoplasma and ureaplasma species in joint tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other human arthritides can no longer be ignored.
  
• M. fermentans was suggested more than 20 years ago as a cause of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the basis of isolation from synovial fluids of a few patients. Recently, with PCR methodology, the M. fermentans genome was found in 40% of synovial biopsy specimens and in 21% of joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis respectively. This genome was also found in 20% of patients with spondyloarthropathy and psoriatic arthritis and in 13% of patients with unclassified arthritis.
  
• M. fermentans was not detected in any specimens from patients with reactive arthritis, chronic juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis or gouty arthritis.

Minocycline in rheumatoid arthritis

In two recently-published independent randomized trials, rheumatoid arthritis patients were treated with 100 mg of oral minocycline twice daily or a placebo for a period of 26 weeks. In the minocycline group, more minocycline-treated patients than placebo showed greater than 75% improvement in swollen joint count, tender joint count and in clinical parameters such as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In these studies, the intergroup differences were statistically significant for these findings and the mean changes over time revealed continual improvement in the minocycline-treated patients during the entire period of both studies.

This and other presently-available data on minocycline therapy in rheumatoid arthritis suggest that such treatment may be considered along with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, gold salts and hydroxychloroquine. However, additional clinical research is necessary to document the long-term efficacy of minocycline in the decreased progression of joint destruction. We believe that such long-term study about the efficacy of minocycline should be conducted on patients who are positive for mycoplasma and chlamydia genome (since we detect the chlamydia trachomatis genome in blood and joint fluid of 20% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis) and not by random selection of arthritis patients. Such selection or comparison between mycoplasma- and chlamydia-positive patients with mycoplasma- and chlamydia-negative individuals may further increase the clinical efficacy of minocycline or doxycycline in future double-blind placebo studies.

The eradication of the pathogenic mycoplasmas from blood and various tissue sites requires an intact functional immune system, which most patients with chronic illnesses do not possess. Therefore, immune enhancement strategies along with prolonged drug therapy may help to eliminate mycoplasma from the human body.

Drs. Baseman and Tully, in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Volume3, January-March, 1997, concluded that "the available data and proposed hypotheses that correlate mycoplasmas with disease pathogenesis range from definitive, provocative and titillating to inconclusive, confusing and heretical. Controversy seems to be a recurrent companion of mycoplasmas, yet good science and open-mindedness should overcome the legacy that has burdened them for decades."

Importance of measuring IgG and IgM antibodies against mycoplasma fermentans

We have developed a specific ELISA assay for measurement of antibodies against mycoplasma fermentans and compared the results to the presence of DNA in the blood. We found that only in about 60% of cases where M. fermentans was positive, antibodies to M. fermentans antigens were elevated significantly. In the other 40% in which the genome was positive, IgG and IgM antibodies were not detected. This may be due to the nature of the M. fermentans cell invasion, the inhibition of phagocytosis, and the lack of immune response to this organism in these individuals.

On the contrary, in about 20% of cases, the M. fermentans genome was absent but antibodies of IgG and IgM isotype were detected in their blood.

The absence of M. fermentans DNA from blood cells and the simultaneous presence of antibodies to this mycoplasma in the serum of the same patients suggests chronic infection of other tissues or cells with Mycoplasma fermentans. Another possibility is that these antibodies are cross-reactive in their nature. This means that antibodies produced against collagen, cartilage, and thyroid in some patients with autoimmune disease may cross-react with mycoplasma antigens and give false positive results. For this reason, we measured antibodies against synthesized peptides corresponding to M. fermentans and were able to reduce the degree of cross-reactivity.

Gold standard for detection of mycoplasmas

• The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of mycoplasma genomes is still the gold standard.
  
• However, confirmation of PCR should be done by southern blot and molecular probes in order to decrease the rate of false positivity and improve false negativity.
  
• Antibodies (IgG, IgM and IgA) against peptide-specific mycoplasma should be performed simultaneously.
  
• As no diagnostic tool is 100% accurate, we suggest that PCR, molecular probe, and IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies should all be performed to gain the most accurate result.

If you need further information or you wish to add to our scientific knowledge, feel free to contact us.

It is certain that physicians’ access to this revolutionary technology
will lead to early diagnosis of infectious diseases
and improvement in patient care.

MYCOPLASMA
The Linking Pathogen in Neurosystemic Diseases

Several strains of mycoplasma have been "engineered" to become more dangerous. They are now being blamed for AIDS, cancer, CFS, MS, CJD and other neurosystemic diseases.

Donald W. Scott MA, MSc. Ó 2001

Nexus Magazine Aug 2001

I - PATHOGENIC MYCOPLASMA
A Common Disease Agent Weaponised

There are 200 species of Mycoplasma. Most are innocuous and do no harm; only four or five are pathogenic. Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) probably comes from the nucleus of the Brucella bacterium. This disease agent is not a bacterium and not a virus; it is a mutated form of the Brucella bacterium, combined with a visna virus, from which the mycoplasma is extracted.

The pathogenic Mycoplasma used to be very innocuous, but biological warfare research conducted between 1942 and the present time has resulted in the creation of more deadly and infectious forms of Mycoplasma. Researchers extracted this mycoplasma from the Brucella bacterium and actually reduced the disease to a crystalline form. They "weaponised" it and tested it on an unsuspecting public in North America.

Dr Maurice Hilleman, chief virologist for the pharmaceutical company Merck Sharp & Dohme, stated that this disease agent is now carried by everybody in North America and possibly most people throughout the world.

Despite reporting flaws, there has clearly been an increased incidence of all the neuro/systemic degenerative diseases since World War II and especially since the 1970s with the arrival of previously unheard-of diseases like chronic fatigue syndrome and AIDS.

According to Dr Shyh-Ching Lo, senior researcher at The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and one of America’s top mycoplasma researchers, this disease agent causes many illnesses including AIDS, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, Crohn’s colitis, Type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Wegener’s disease and collagen-vascular diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s.

Dr Charles Engel, who is with the US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, stated the following at an NIH meeting on February 7, 2000: "I am now of the view that the probable cause of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia is the mycoplasma..."

I have all the official documents to prove that mycoplasma is the disease agent in chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia as well as in AIDS, multiple sclerosis and many other illnesses. Of these, 80% are US or Canadian official government documents, and 20% are articles from peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association, New England Journal of Medicine and the Canadian Medical Association Journal. The journal articles and government documents complement each other.

How the Mycoplasma Works

The mycoplasma acts by entering into the individual cells of the body, depending upon your genetic predisposition.

You may develop neurological diseases if the pathogen destroys certain cells in your brain, or you may develop Crohn’s colitis if thepathogen invades and destroys cells in the lower bowel.

Once the mycoplasma gets into the cell, it can lie there doing nothing sometimes for 10, 20 or 30 years, but if a trauma occurs like an accident or a vaccination that doesn’t take, the mycoplasma can become triggered.

Because it is only the DNA particle of the bacterium, it doesn’t have any organelles to process its own nutrients, so it grows by uptaking pre-formed sterols from its host cell and it literally kills the cell; the cell ruptures and what is left gets dumped into the bloodstream.

II- CREATION OF THE MYCOPLASMA
A Laboratory-Made Disease Agent

Many doctors don’t know about this mycoplasma disease agent because it was developed by the US military in biological warfare experimentation and it was not made public. This pathogen was patented by the United States military and Dr Shyh-Ching Lo. I have a copy of the documented patent from the US Patent Office.(1)

All the countries at war were experimenting with biological weapons. In 1942, the governments of the United States, Canada and Britain entered into a secret agreement to create two types of biological weapons (one that would kill, and one that was disabling) for use in the war against Germany and Japan, who were also developing biological weapons. While they researched a number or disease pathogens, they primarily focused on the Brucella bacterium and began to weaponise it.

From its inception, the biowarfare program was characterised by continuing in-depth review and participation by the most eminent scientists, medical consultants, industrial experts and government officials, and it was classified Top Secret.

The US Public Health Service also closely followed the progress of biological warfare research and development from the very start of the program, and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States were working with the military in weaponising these diseases. These are diseases that have existed for thousands of years, but they have been weaponised—which means they’ve been made more contagious and more effective. And they are spreading.

The Special Virus Cancer Program, created by the CIA and NIH to develop a deadly pathogen for which humanity had no natural immunity (AIDS), was disguised as a war on cancer but was actually part of MKNAOMI.² Many members of the Senate and House of Representatives do not know what has been going on.  For example, the US Senate Committee on Government Reform had searched the archives in Washington and other places for the document titled "The Special Virus Cancer Program: Progress Report No. 8", and couldn’t find it. Somehow they heard I had it, called me and asked me to mail it to them. Imagine: a retired schoolteacher being called by the United States Senate and asked for one of their secret documents! The US Senate, through the Government Reform Committee, is trying to stop this type of government research.

Crystalline Brucella

The title page of a genuine US Senate Study, declassified on February 24, 1977, shows that George Merck, of the pharmaceutical company, Merck Sharp & Dohme (which now makes cures for diseases that at one time it created), reported in 1946 to the US Secretary of War that his researchers had managed "for the first time" to "isolate the disease agent in crystalline form".³

They had produced a crystalline bacterial toxin extracted from the Brucella bacterium. The bacterial toxin could be removed in crystalline form and stored, transported and deployed without deteriorating. It could be delivered by other vectors such as insects, aerosol or the food chain (in nature it is delivered within the bacterium). But the factor that is working in the Brucella is the mycoplasma.

Brucella is a disease agent that doesn’t kill people; it disables them. But, according to Dr Donald MacArthur of the Pentagon, appearing before a congressional committee in 1969,(4) researchers found that if they had mycoplasma at a certain strength—actually, 10 to the 10th power—it would develop into AIDS, and the person would die from it within a reasonable period of time because it could bypass the natural human defences.  If the strength was 10 to 8, the person would manifest with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia. If it was l0 to 7, they would present as wasting; they wouldn’t die and they wouldn’t be disabled, but they would not be very interested in life; they would waste away.

Most of us have never heard of the disease brucellosis because it largely disappeared when they began pasteurising milk, which was the carrier. One salt shaker of the pure disease agent in a crystalline form could sicken the entire population of Canada. It is absolutely deadly, not so much in terms of killing the body but disabling it.

Because the crystalline disease agent goes into solution in the blood, ordinary blood and tissue tests will not reveal its presence. The mycoplasma will only crystallise at 8.1 pH, and the blood has a pH of 7.4 pH. So the doctor thinks your complaint is "all in your head".

Crystalline Brucella and Multiple Sclerosis

In 1998 in Rochester, New York, I met a former military man, PFC Donald Bentley, who gave me a document and told me: "I was in the US Army, and I was trained in bacteriological warfare. We were handling a bomb filled with brucellosis, only it wasn’t brucellosis; it was a Brucella toxin in crystalline form. We were spraying it on the Chinese and North Koreans."

He showed me his certificate listing his training in chemical, biological and radiological warfare. Then he showed me 16 pages of documents given to him by the US military when he was discharged from the service. They linked brucellosis with multiple sclerosis, and stated in one section: "Veterans with multiple sclerosis, a kind of creeping paralysis developing to a degree of 10% or more disability within two years after separation from active service, may be presumed to be service-connected for disability compensation. Compensation is payable to eligible veterans whose disabilities are due to service." In other words: "If you become ill with multiple sclerosis, it is because you were handling this Brucella, and we will give you a pension. Don’t go raising any fuss about it." In these documents, the government of the United States revealed evidence of the cause of multiple sclerosis, but they didn’t make it known to the public—or to your doctor.

In a 1949 report, Drs Kyger and Haden suggested "the possibility that multiple sclerosis might be a central nervous system manifestation of chronic brucellosis". Testing approximately 113 MS patients, they found that almost 95% also tested positive for Brucella.(5) We have a document from a medical journal, which concludes that one out of 500 people who had brucellosis would develop what they call neurobrucellosis; in other words, brucellosis in the brain, where the Brucella settles in the lateral ventrides—where the disease multiple sclerosis is basically located.⁶

Contamination of Camp Detrick Lab Workers
A 1948 New England Journal of Medicine report titled "Acute Brucellosis Among Laboratory Workers" shows us how actively dangerous this agent is.⁷   The laboratory workers were from Camp Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, where they were developing biological weapons. Even though these workers had been vaccinated, wore rubberised suits and masks and worked through holes in the compartment, many of them came down with this awful disease because it is so absolutely and terrifyingly infectious.

The article was written by Lt Calderone Howell, Marine Corps Captain Edward Miller, Marine Corps, Lt Emily Kelly, United States Naval Reserve; and Captain Henry Bookman. They were all military personnel engaged in making the disease agent Brucella into a more effective biological weapon

III — COVERT TESTING OF MYCOPLASMA

Testing the Dispersal Methods
Documented evidence proves that the biological weapons they were developing were tested on the public in various communities without their knowledge or consent.

The government knew that crystalline Brucella would cause disease in humans. Now they needed to determine how it would spread and the best way to disperse it. They tested dispersal methods for Brucella suis and Brucella melitensis at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, in June and September 1952. Probably, 100% of us now are infected with Brucella suis and Brucella melitensis.(8)

Another government document recommended the genesis of open-air vulnerability tests and covert research and development programs to be conducted by the Army and supported by the Central Intelligence Agency.

At that time, the Government of Canada was asked by the US Government to cooperate in testing weaponised Brucella, and Canada cooperated fully with the United States. The US Government wanted to determine whether mosquitoes would carry the disease and also if the air would carry it. A government report stated that "open-air testing of infectious biological agents is considered essential to an ultimate understanding of biological warfare potentialities because of the many unknown factors affecting the degradation of micro-organisms in the atmosphere".⁹

Testing via Mosquito Vector in Punta Gorda, Florida
A report from The New England Journal of Medicine reveals that one of the first outbreaks of chronic fatigue syndrome was in Punta Gorda, Florida, back in 1957.(10)   It was a strange coincidence that a week before these people came down with chronic fatigue syndrome, there was a huge influx of mosquitoes.

The National Institutes of Health claimed that the mosquitoes came from a forest fire 30 miles away. The truth is that those mosquitoes were infected in Canada by Dr Guilford B. Reed at Queen’s University. They were bred in Belleville, Ontario, and taken down to Punta Gorda and released there.

Within a week, the first five cases ever of chronic fatigue syndrome were reported to the local clinic in Punta Gorda. The cases kept coming until finally 450 people were ill with the disease.

Testing via Mosquito Vector in Ontario
The Government of Canada had established the Dominion Parasite Laboratory in Belleville, Ontario, where it raised 100 million mosquitoes a month. These were shipped to Queen’s University and certain other facilities to be infected with this crystalline disease agent The mosquitoes were then let loose in certain communities in the middle of the night, so that the researchers could determine how many people would become ill with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia, which was the first disease to show.

One of the communities they tested it on was the St Lawrence Seaway valley, all the way from Kingston to Cornwall, in 1984. They let out hundreds of millions of infected mosquitoes. Over 700 people in the next four or five weeks developed myalgic encephalomyelitis, or chronic fatigue syndrome.

IV - COVERT TESTING OF OTHER DISEASE AGENTS

Mad Cow Disease/Kuru/CJD in the Fore Tribe
Before and during World War II, at the infamous Camp 731 in Manchuria, the Japanese military contaminated prisoners of war with certain disease agents.

They also established a research camp in New Guinea in 1942. There they experimented upon the Fore Indian tribe and inoculated them with a minced-up version of the brains of diseased sheep containing the visna virus which causes "mad cow disease" or Creutzfeldt—Jakob disease.

About five or six years later, after the Japanese had been driven out, the poor people of the Fore tribe developed what they called kuru, which was their word for "wasting", and they began to shake, lose their appetites and die. The autopsies revealed that their brains had literally turned to mush. They had contracted "mad cow disease" from the Japanese experiments.

When World War II ended, Dr Ishii Shiro—the medical doctor who was commissioned as a General in the Japanese Army so he could take command of Japan’s biological warfare development, testing and deployment—was captured. He was given the choice of a job with the United States Army or execution as a war criminal. Not surprisingly, Dr Ishii Shiro chose to work with the US military to demonstrate how the Japanese had created mad cow disease in the Fore Indian tribe.

In 1957, when the disease was beginning to blossom in full among the Fore people, Dr Carleton Gajdusek of the US National Institutes of Health headed to New Guinea to determine how the minced-up brains of the visna-infected sheep affected them. He spent a couple of years there, studying the Fore people, and wrote an extensive report. He won the Nobel Prize for "discovering" kuru disease in the Fore tribe.

Testing Carcinogens over Winnipeg, Manitoba
In 1953, the US Government asked the Canadian Government if it could test a chemical over the city of Winnipeg. It was a big city with 500,000 people, miles from anywhere. The American military sprayed this carcinogenic chemical in a 1,000%-attenuated form, which they said would be so watered down that nobody would get very sick; however, if people came to clinics with a sniffle, a sore throat or ringing in their ears, the researchers would be able to determine what percentage would have developed cancer if the chemical had been used at full strength.

We located evidence that the Americans had indeed tested this carcinogenic chemical—zinc cadmium sulphide—over Winnipeg in 1953. We wrote to the Government of Canada, explaining that we had solid evidence of the spraying and asking that we be informed as to how high up in the government the request for permission to spray had gone. We did not receive a reply.

Shortly after, the Pentagon held a press conference on May 14, 1997, where they admitted what they had done. Robert Russo, writing for the Toronto Star¹¹ from Washington, DC, reported the Pentagon’s admission that in 1953 it had obtained permission from the Canadian Government to fly over the city of Winnipeg and spray out this chemical—which sifted down on kids going to school, housewives hanging out their laundry and people going to work. US Army planes and trucks released the chemical 36 times between July and August 1953. The Pentagon got its statistics, which indicated that if the chemical released had been full strength, approximately a third of the population of Winnipeg would have developed cancers over the next five years.

One professor, Dr Hugh Fudenberg, MD, twice nominated for the Nobel Prize, wrote a magazine article stating that the Pentagon came clean on this because two researchers in Sudbury, Ontario—Don Scott and his son, Bill Scott—had been revealing this to the public. However, the legwork was done by other researchers!

The US Army actually conducted a series of simulated germ warfare tests over Winnipeg. The Pentagon lied about the tests to the mayor, saying that they were testing a chemical fog over the city, which would protect Winnipeg in the event of a nuclear attack.

A report commissioned by US Congress, chaired by Dr Rogene Henderson, lists 32 American towns and cities used as test sites as well.

V - BRUCELLA MYCOPLASMA AND DISEASE AIDS

The AIDS pathogen was created out of a Brucella bacterium mutated with a visna virus; then the toxin was removed as a DNA particle called a mycoplasma. They used the same mycoplasma to develop disabling diseases like MS, Crohn’s colitis, Lyme disease, etc.

In the previously mentioned US congressional document of a meeting held on June 9, 1969, (12) the Pentagon delivered a report to Congress about biological weapons. The Pentagon stated: "We are continuing to develop disabling weapons." Dr MacArthur, who was in charge of the research, said: "We are developing a new lethal weapon, a synthetic biological agent that does not naturally exist, and for which no natural immunity could have been acquired."

Think about it. If you have a deficiency of acquired immunity, you have an acquired immunity deficiency. Plain as that. AIDS.

In laboratories throughout the United States and in a certain number in Canada including at the University of Alberta. the US Government provided the leadership for the development of AIDS for the purpose of population control. After the scientists had perfected it, the government sent medical teams from the Centers for Disease Control-under the direction of Dr Donald A. Henderson, their investigator into the 1957 chronic fatigue epidemic in Punta Gorda—during 1969 to 1971 to Africa and some countries such as India, Nepal and Pakistan where they thought the population was becoming too large.¹³ They gave them all a free vaccination against smallpox; but five years after receiving this vaccination, 60% of those inoculated were suffering from AIDS. They tried to blame it on a monkey, which is nonsense.

A professor at the University of Arkansas made the claim that while studying the tissues of a dead chimpanzee she found traces of HIV. The chimpanzee that she had tested was born in the United States 23 years earlier. It had lived its entire life in a US military laboratory where it was used as an experimental animal in the development of these diseases. When it died, its body was shipped to a storage place where it was deep-frozen and stored in case they wanted to analyse it later. Then they decided that they didn’t have enough space for it, so they said, "Anybody want this dead chimpanzee?" and this researcher from Arkansas said: "Yes. Send it down to the University of Arkansas. We are happy to get anything we can get." They shipped it down and she found HIV in it. That virus was acquired by that chimpanzee in the laboratories where it was tested.¹⁴

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/ Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
Chronic fatigue syndrome is more accurately called myalgic encephalomyelitis. The chronic fatigue syndrome nomenclature was given by the US National Institutes of Health because it wanted to downgrade and belittle the disease.

An MRI scan of the brain of a teenage girl with chronic fatigue syndrome displayed a great many scars or punctate lesions in the left frontal lobe area where portions of the brain had literally dissolved and been replaced by scar tissue. This caused cognitive impairment, memory impairment, etc. And what was the cause of the scarring? The mycoplasma. So there is very concrete physical evidence of these tragic diseases, even though doctors continue to say they don’t know where it comes from or what they can do about it.

Many people with chronic fatigue syndrome, myalgic encephalo-myelitis and fibromyalgia who apply to the Canada Pensions Plan Review Tribunal will be turned down because they cannot prove that they are ill. During 1999 I conducted several appeals to Canada Pensions and the Workers Compensation Board (WCB, now the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board) on behalf of people who have been turned down. I provided documented evidence of these illnesses, and these people were all granted their pensions on the basis of the evidence that I provided.

In March 1999, for example, I appealed to the WCB on behalf of a lady with flbromya1gia who had been, denied her pension back in 1993. The vice-chairman of the board came to Sudbury to hear the appeal, and I showed him a number of documents which proved that this lady was physically ill with fibromyalgia. It was a disease that caused physical damage, and the disease agent was a mycoplasma. The guy listened for three hours, and then he said to me: "Mr Scott, how is it I have never heard of any of this before? I said: "We brought a top authority in this area into Sudbury to speak on this subject and not a single solitary doctor came to that presentation."

VI-TESTING FOR MYCOPLASMA IN YOUR BODY

Polymerase Chain Reaction Test
Information is not generally available about this agent because, first of all, the mycoplasma is such a minutely small disease agent. A hundred years ago, certain medical theoreticians conceived that there must be a form or disease agent smaller than bacteria and viruses. This pathogenic organism, the mycoplasma, is so minute that normal blood and tissue tests will not reveal its presence as the source of the disease.

Your doctor may diagnose you with Alzheimer’s disease, and he will say:

"Golly, we don’t know where Alzheimer’s comes from. All we know is that your brain begins to deteriorate, cells rupture, the myelin sheath around the nerves dissolves, and so on." Or if you have chronic fatigue syndrome, the doctor will not be able to find any cause for your illness with ordinary blood and tissue tests.

This mycoplasma couldn’t be detected until about 30 years ago when the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed, in which a sample of your blood is examined and damaged particles are removed and subjected to a polymerase chain reaction. This causes the DNA in the particles to break down. The particles are then placed in a nutrient, which causes the DNA to grow back into its original form. If enough of the substance is produced, the form can be recognised, so it can be determined whether Brucella or another kind of agent is behind that particular mycoplasma.

Blood Test
If you or anybody in your family has myalgic encephalomyelitis, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer’s, you can send a blood sample to Dr Les Simpson in New Zealand for testing.

If you are ill with these diseases, your red blood cells will not be normal doughnut-shaped blood cells capable of being compressed and squeezed through the capillaries, but will swell up like cherry-filled doughnuts which cannot be compressed. The blood cells become enlarged and distended because the only way the mycoplasma can exist is by uptaking pre-formed sterols from the host cell. One of the best sources of pre-formed sterols is cholesterol, and cholesterol is what gives your blood cells flexibility. If the cholesterol is taken out by the mycoplasma, the red blood cell swells up and doesn’t go through, and the person begins to feel all the aches and pains and all the damage it causes to the brain, the heart, the stomach, the feet and the whole body because blood and oxygen are cut off.

And that is why people with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome have such a terrible time. When the blood is cut off from the brain, punctate lesions appear because those parts of the brain die. The mycoplasma will get into portions of the heart muscle, especially the left ventricle, and those cells will die. Certain people have cells in the lateral ventricles of the brain that have a genetic predisposition to admit the mycoplasma, and this causes the lateral ventricles to deteriorate and die. This leads to multiple sclerosis, which will progress until these people are totally disabled; frequently, they die prematurely. The mycoplasma will get into the lower bowel, parts of which will die, thus causing colitis. All of these diseases are caused by the degenerating properties of the mycoplasma.

In early 2000, a gentleman in Sudbury phoned me and told me he had fibromyalgia. He applied for a pension and was turned down because his doctor said it was all in his head and there was no external evidence. I gave him the proper form and a vial, and he sent his blood to Dr Simpson to be tested. He did this with his family doctor’s approval, and the results from Dr Simpson showed that only 4% of his red blood cells were functioning normally and carrying the appropriate amount of oxygen to his poor body, whereas 83% were distended, enlarged and hardened, and wouldn’t go through the capillaries without an awful lot of pressure and trouble. This is the physical evidence of the damage that is done.

ECG Test
You can also ask your doctor to give you a 24-hour Holter ECG. You know, of course, that an electrocardiogram is a measure of your heartbeat and shows what is going on in the right ventricle, the left ventricle and so on. Tests show that 100% of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia have an irregular heartbeat. At various periods during the 24 hours, the heart, instead of working happily away going "bump-BUMP, bump-BUMP", every now and again goes "buhbuhbuhbuhbubbuhbuhbuhbuh". The T-wave (the waves are called P, Q, R, S and T) is normally a peak, and then the wave levels off and starts with the P-wave again. In chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia patients, the T-wave flattens off, or actually inverts. That means the blood in the left ventricle is not being squeezed up through the aorta and around through the body.

My client from Sudbury had this test done and, lo and behold, the results stated: "The shape of T and S-T suggests left ventricle strain pattern, although voltage and so on is normal." The doctor had no clue as to why the T-wave was not working properly. I analysed the report of this patient who had been turned down by Canada Pensions and sent it back to them. They wrote back, saying: "It looks like we may have made a mistake. We are going to give you a hearing and you can explain this to us in more detail."

So it is not all in your imagination. There is actual physical damage to the heart. The left ventricle muscles do show scarring.

That is way many people are diagnosed with a heart condition when they first develop fibromyalgia, but it’s only one of several problems because the mycoplasma can do all kinds of damage.

Blood Volume Test
You can also ask your doctor for a blood volume test. Every human being requires a certain amount of blood per pound of body weight, and it has been observed that people with fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and other illnesses do not have the normal blood volume their body needs to function properly. Doctors aren’t normally aware of this.

This test measures the amount of blood in the human body by taking out 5 cc, putting a tracer in it and then putting it back into the body. One hour later, take out 5 cc again and look for the tracer. The thicker the blood and the lower the blood volume, the more tracer you will find.

The analysis of one of my clients stated: "This patient was referred for red cell mass study. The red cell volume is 16.9 ml per kg of body weight. The normal range is 25 to 35 ml per kg. This guy has 36% less blood in his body than the body needs to function." And the doctor hadn’t even known the test existed.

If you lost 36% of your blood in an accident, do you think your doctor would tell you that you are allright and should just take up line dancing and get over it? They would rush you to the nearest hospital and start transfusing you with blood. These tragic people with these awful diseases are functioning with anywhere from 7% to 50% less blood than their body needs to function.

VII- UNDOING THE DAMAGE

The body undoes the damage itself. The scarring in the brain of people with chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia will be repaired. There is cellular repair going on all the time. But the mycoplasma has moved on to the next cell.

In the early stages of a disease, doxycydine may reverse that disease process. It is one of the tetracycline antibiotics, but it is not bactericidal; it is bacteriostatic—it stops the growth of the mycoplasma. And if the mycoplasma growth can be stopped for long enough, then the immune system takes over.

Doxycycline treatment is discussed in a paper by mycoplasma expert Professor Garth Nicholson, PhD, of the Institute for Molecular Medicine." Dr Nicholson is involved in a US$8 million mycoplasma research program funded by the US military and headed by Dr Charles Engel of the NIH. The program is studying Gulf War veterans, 450 of them, because there is evidence to suggest that Gulf War syndrome is another illness (or set of illnesses) caused by mycoplasma.

 Endnotes
1. "Pathogenic Mycoplasma", US Patent No. 5,242,820, issued September 7, 1993. Dr Lo is listed as the Inventor" and the American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC, is listed as the "Assignee".
2. "Special Virus Cancer Program: Progress Report No. 8", prepared by the National Cancer Institute, Viral Oncology, Etiology Area, July 1971, submitted to NIH Annual Report in May 1971 and updated July 1971.
3. US Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, Biological Testing Involving Human Subjects by the Department of Defense, 1977; released as US Army Activities in the US Biological Warfare Programs, Volumes One and Two, 24 February 1977.
4. Dr Donald MacArthur, Pentagon, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970, Hearings before Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-First Congress, First Session, Monday June 9, 1969, pp 105—144, esp. pp. 114, 129.
5. Kyger, E. R. and Russell L. Haden, "Brucellosis and Multiple Sclerosis", The American journal of Medical Sciences 1949:689-693.
6. Colmonero et al., "Complications Associated with Brucella melitensis Infection: A Study of 530 Cases", Medicine 1996;75(4).
7. Howell, Miller, Kelly and Bookman, "Acute Brucellosis Among Laboratory Workers", New England Journal of Medicine 1948;236:741.
8. "Special Virus Cancer Program: Progress Report No. 8", ibid., table 4, p. 135.
9. US Senate, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, March 8 and May 23, 1977, ibid.
10. New England journal of Medicine, August 22, 1957, p. 362.
11. Toronto Star, May 15, 1997.
12. Dr Donald MacArthur, Pentagon, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970, Hearings, Monday June 9, 1969, ibid., p.129.
13. Henderson, Donald A., "Smallpox: Epitaph for a Killer", National Geographic, December 1978, p. 804.
14. Blum, Deborah, The Monkey Wars, Oxford University Press, New York, 1994.
15. Nicholson, G. 1., "Doxycycline treatment and Desert Storm", JAMA 1995;273:61 8-619.

Recommended Reading
•Horowitz, Leonard, Emerging Viruses: Aids and Ebola, Tetrahedron Publishing, USA, 1996.
• Johnson, Hillary, Osler’s Web, Crown Publishers, New York, 1996.
• Scott, Donald W. and William L. C. Scott, The Brucellosis Triangle, The Chelmsford Publishers (Box 133, Stat. B., Sudbury, Ontario P3E 4N5), Canada, 1998 (US$21.95 + $3 s&h in US).
• Scott, Donald W. and William 1. C. Scott, The Extremely Unfortunate Skull Valley Incident, The Chelmsford Publishers, Canada, 1996 (revised, extended edition available from mid-September 2001; US$16.00 pre-pub. Price + US$3 s&h in US).
•The journal of Degenerative Diseases (Donald W. Scott, Editor), The Common Cause Medical Research Foundation (Box 133, Stat B., Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 4N5), Canada (quarterly journal; annual subscription: US$25.00 in USA, $30 foreign).

Additional Contacts
• Ms Jennie Burke, Australian Biologics, Level 6, 383 Pitt Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia tel +61 (0)2 9283 0807, fax +61 (0)2 9283 0910. Australian Biologics does tests for mycoplasma.
• Consumer Health Organization of Canada, 1220 Sheppard Avenue East #412, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2K 255, tel +1 (416)490 0986, website www.consumerhealth.org/.
• Professor Garth Nicholson, PhD, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 15162 Triton Lane, Huntington Beach, CA, 92649-1401, USA, tel +1(714) 903 2900.
• Dr Les Simpson, Red Blood Cell Research Ltd, 31 Bath Street, Dunedin, 9001, New Zealand, tel +64 (0)3 471 8540, email rbc.research.limited@xtraco.nz (Note: Dr Simpson directs his study to red cell shape analysis, not the mycoplasrna hypothesis.)
• The Mycoplasma Registry for Gulf War Illness, S. & 1. Dudley, 303 47th St, J-10 San Diego, CA 92102-5961, tel/fax +1(619) 266 1116, fax (619) 266 1116, email mycoreg@juno.com.

About the Author
Donald Scott, MA, MSc, is a retired high school teacher and university professor. He is also a veteran of WWII and was awarded the North Atlantic Star, the Burma Star with Clasp, the 1939—1945 Volunteer Service Medal and the Victory Medal. He is currently President of The Common Cause Medical Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organisation devoted to research into neurosystemic degenerative diseases. He is also Adjunct Professor with the Institute for Molecular Medicine and he produces and edits the journal of Degenerative Diseases. He has extensively researched neurosystemic degenerative diseases over the past five years and has authored many documents on the relationship between degenerative diseases and a pathogenic mycoplasma called Mycoplasma fermentans. His research is based upon solid government evidence

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USDA studies show a 25 % to 80 % decline in minerals in the food we eat. The US Senate Document 264,1936 states the following: " The alarming fact is that foods, fruits, vegetables and grains, now being raised on millions of acres of land, no longer contain necessary levels of essential minerals. They are starving us, no matter how much we eat.”

Professor Louis Kervran, who has been minister of Health for France and a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, stated:

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According to the Water Quality Association, FA is a "water-soluble, natural organic substance of low molecular weight, often found in surface water".

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FA is still not well known or understood by most of the scientific and medical community. Chemists have not been able to synthesize it and clearly define it. Why? Because it is the smallest, most complex, most highly refined naturally occurring water-soluble substance on earth.

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FA is natures' bridge between "no life" mineral elements and living organic matter. Actually, FA is in essence the "milk" from Mother Nature meant for giving life, energy, health, immunity and renewal to the entire Mother Earth and all life forms.

This "milk" is an important discovery in the history of health and medicine.

How do HA and FA work?

Humic and fulvic acids enter into all life processes within all life forms. They wear many hats.

They are negatively charged metal-complexing ligands. There are a number of active sites where metal ions may bind with FA, to aromatic and aliphatic carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups. This allows HA and FA to act as ion exchangers, releasing metal ions of low atomic mass and chelating heavier metals.

Therefore, HA and FA complexes enhance mineral and trace element uptake. They support the maintenance of mineral and trace element balances without bypassing the normal homeostatic mechanism for preventing mineral toxicity.

Whenever minerals come in contact with FA in a water medium, they are naturally dissolved into ionic form. These minerals literally become part of the FA itself. Once the minerals meld into the FA complex, they become bioactive, bioavailable, and organic.

Tiny amounts remarkably transform the molecular structure of water, making it intensely more active and penetrable. It assists water in its job of dissolving and transporting. It helps carry nutrients into the cell and waste products away from it, while also helping to neutralize toxins, invaders and heavy metals. All homeopathic remedies should have FA to enhance their action.

Scientists throughout the world call it
"the missing link" to optimum health.

We currently find FA solutions on the market that will carry a 2 % to 5 % concentration solution of FA. The FA in those solutions have all been extracted with an acid derived base which alters the quality of the end product. In addition to that, usually the FA itself will be sitting in strong acidic solution, which does nothing to help improve the already acid bodies of most life forms.

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Master Detox® - the health benefits:

When HA is consumed by any life form, energy is among the first signs to show up, along with a usually decreasing appetite. Sleep is deeper and of better quality. Arthritic pain will quickly show improvement, and so will physical injuries. The morale will follow the Energy.

For any life that is in a serious degenerative condition, a healing crisis might occur. The body will go into a state of major cleansing and will use all its exit doors: intestines, kidneys, skin, lungs, liver, and the vagina for women. It will try to rid the body of the toxins, poisons, heavy metals, parasites, fungus, etc.

Professional practitioners are aware of this and can guide you through it. It is recommended that you work hand in hand with your practitioner to manage the elimination process carefully – individuals will react differently according to their biochemistry.

FA is the finest electrolyte known to man. Its electrolytes are able to restore vitality in all life forms. When the electrolyte potential (the zeta potential) fades away, so does energy and health. It is indeed the main reason why we get old. It promotes an electrochemical balance as both donor and receptor of electrons.

One of the most exciting aspects of the FA is the powerful and diverse spectrum of immune system responses it stimulates in the human body. It not only boosts immunity, it also:

• regulates the immune system
• stimulates the thymus gland's ability to produce lymphocytes
• activates the production of macrophages and killer T-cells
• stimulates granulocytes, the production of cytokines (including interferon-gamma, Alpha, beta) and tumor necrosis factor-Act One.
• is unparalleled in its ability to act as a natural immunomodulator.

HF has an exhaustive list of benefits:

For internal use:

• acts as a free-radical scavenger
• supplies vital electrolytes
• helps to enhance and transport nutrients
• makes water "wetter"
• catalyzes enzyme reactions
• increases assimilation
• stimulates metabolism
• chelates essential major and trace elements, making them organic
• chelates heavy metals and pollutants
• reduces high blood pressure
• makes vitamin and mineral supplements potent
• magnifies the effect of herbal teas and tinctures
• demonstrates amazing capacity for electrochemical balance
• increases energy
• helps rebuild the immune system
• helps in the following pathologies:
• acute upper gastrointestinal disease
• anemia
• arthritis
• asthma
• cancer
• chronic bronchitis
• chronic fatigue syndrome
• colon infections
• dementia
• diabetes mellitus
• digestive disorders
• enlarged spleen
• epilepsy
• eye disease
• gallstones
• genito-urinary diseases
• hemorrhages
• herpes simplex
• hormonal control and regulation of immunity
• influenza
• jaundice
• keratitis
• hemorrhoids
• nervous diseases
• neurological diseases : deafness and dumbness, mental retardation and seizure
• respiratory diseases
• retroviruses
• stomach ulcers (anti-ulcerogenic and anti-stress activity)
• tract viruses
• tuberculosis
• thyroid imbalances: hyper, hypo and cancer

For external use:

• treats open wounds and skin ulcers
• heals burns with minimum pain or scarring
• eliminates discoloration due to skin bruises
• acts as a wide-range anti-microbial product and fungicide
• treats rashes and skin irritations
• helps heal cuts and abrasions
• help heal insect bites and spider bites
• contributes to neutralize poison ivy and poison oak

It is very hard to say what exactly FA does to any life forms because of its wide spectrum of action. You are about to discover the end product of a life of research from a team of scientists who are totally dedicated to saving Mother Earth and all her life forms.

IMPORTANT WARNING

You must use unchlorinated spring water to take with Master Detox®. City water cannot be used with fulvic acid.

Chlorine reacts negatively when mixed with humic substances, especially fulvic acid, causing the production of deadly carcinogenic THMs and MX.

Chlorine is the deadly culprit, not the humic substances. Many companies selling fulvic base products do not know about this problem and may be extracting their products using chlorinated water.

Chlorine is a deadly chemical. It has the same dangerous results when it comes in direct contact with many of the extremely valuable phytochemicals contained in fresh fruits, vegetables, and herbal extracts. It makes good common sense to avoid chlorinated water as much as possible.

PRESS RELEASE

AMID CONCERNS OF FLU PANDEMIC & SPREAD OF ANIMAL VIRUSES, “OLD AS DIRT” FOLK REMEDY EXHIBITS BROAD SPECTRUM ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY*

WESTLAKE VILLAGE, California October 6, 2004 – This flu season, along with the usual concerns about shortages and lateness of flu shot doses, public health officials are worried about a possible influenza pandemic and a cross-over of animal viruses to humans. But this year, an innovative nutritional supplement with roots in Far Eastern folk medicine produced over centuries by nature’s decomposition of plant materials is available that has been shown to interfere with the process through which virus attackers bind to their host cells – a process known as viral fusion inhibition – supporting the body’s natural ability to arrest the growth of the most common human viruses* including influenza.

After decades of research, scientists at one of America’s leading universities have developed a natural humic-fulvic acid compound, that is a nontoxic analog of naturally occurring soil materials. The broad-spectrum antiviral properties of humic acid have long been recognized by the Chinese and other cultures including the peoples of India, Mexico and the American South as a highly effective folk remedy. In China, the national drug regulatory authorities have approved a number of drug products made from humic acid and the related fulvic acid. These two plant material extracts have been used in China in connection with a number of viruses and other disorders for many years.

Evidence of Activity Against Multiple Viruses

Of particular and timely concern is fear of a worldwide influenza pandemic in which an easily mutable strain of flu virus (including animal viruses such as Asian bird flu H5N1) mutates into a form never before experienced and for which public health officials are not prepared, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in August. Such cases have already been reported in Asia. Pandemics have occurred three times in the last century. In the worst, in 1918, more than a half million Americans and 20 million people worldwide died. We do not know when the next influenza pandemic will occur, but the clock seems to be ticking faster than ever,” said Benjamin Schwartz, M.D., of the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

In studies conducted at noted research institutions such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH); the Southern Research Institute, Bethesda, Md.; and the University of Southern California’s medical school, the ability of humic acid to interfere with the replication of viruses and support the body’s immune system in eradicating viruses has been observed in:

• Influenza and the common cold
• Hepatitis C

BROAD SPECTRUM ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY

• West Nile Virus
• Oral Herpes
• Herpes Simplex*

Specifically, research by the NIH showed that humic acid is very effective arresting replication of the influenza virus, irrespective of the specific viral strain.* “Because of their primordial action, humic acid has the potential for being the first true broad-spectrum antiviral agents ever developed,” according to Richard J. Laub, MS, Ph.D., Cchem, FRSC, president and chief executive officer of Laub Biochemicals Corp. in Newport Beach, Calif. and a pioneer in the development of natural and synthetic humic acid derivatives.

In laboratory animal studies, no side effects have been detected, nor have interactions with medications been identified.*

How Master Detox® Enables The Body to Kill Viruses

Humic acid acts as a virus destroyer by preventing invading viruses from attaching to healthy cells.* Viruses have “sticky spots” that enable them to attach to host cells. The Immunocil™ molecule specifically prevents this by covering up these sticky spots.* Once this binding process is inhibited, viruses cannot replicate and spread, and the body’s own immune system is able to eradicate the remaining virus*. The original protective and life-giving components in plants known as phytochemicals do not disintegrate during the plant decomposition process. Instead, these chemicals become highly concentrated and occur naturally in certain types of soil, retaining many essential components of life.

Historically, humic aid has been reported to have antimicrobial and antiviral activity against a number of viruses such as Coxsackie virus A9, herpes simplex virus types 1, 2 (hv-1; HSV-2), HIV, Hepatitis A, B and C and influenza virus types A and B.

Specifically, humic acid is believed to have antioxidant properties and to support acquisition of free radicals. Humic acid can acquire these free radicals or positive ions under certain conditions and can release them when those environmental conditions change. Humic acid acquires these positively charged ions known cations (cation exchange capacity) and holds them so they can be absorbed, improving the cellular exchange of micronutrients and transference to the body’s circulatory system.

BROAD SPECTRUM ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY

Master Detox® thus joins nutritional supplements such as Echinacea and St. John’s Wort among established folk remedies that have gained widespread acceptance among the health care public. Discovering health-giving benefit in living organisms is really nothing new. Soviet Russia obtains its antibiotics from microbes found in river water known as bacteriophages. Many vaccines are grown in eggs, calcium is harvested from ground-up oyster shells, and powerful drugs have been synthesized from a variety of plants and animals.

In addition to its therapeutic potential for individual patients, humic acid may also be useful in inactivating the viruses that contaminate blood products.

1 Laub Developing Humates with Anti-HIV, HSV, HPV and Other Antiviral Activity. Antiviral Agents Bulletin. Volume 13, No. 2, February 2000.

 

see also: • Master Detox home page

 

see also: • Miracle Growth Factor home page

 

Miracle Growth Factor Research Papers
(files below are in pdf format & may take a minute or two to download):

• Antler Velvet and how it protects the Liver
• Velvet Antler - A Literature Review
• Research on Lowering Blood Pressure, Healing Wounds & Illness, Cancer & HIV AIDS Treatment, and Anti-Stress
• Deer Velvet Research
• Nutritional Analysis
• IGF Deer Antler Velvet Research
• New Zealand Game Industry Board Technical Manual Regarding Deer Antler Velvet

see also: • Z LIFE home page

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Z LIFE Research Papers
(files below are in pdf format & may take a minute or two to download):

• Evaluation of pathological changes in broilers during chronic aflatoxin and clinopitolite exposure
  
  
• New adjuvant in anticancer therapy
  
  
• Use of synthetic zeolites for arsenate removal from pollutant water
  
  
• Anti-diarrheic drug
  
  
• Removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites
  
  
• Lead retention by Alfisol and Clinoptilolite
  
  
• Applications for Mercury removal
  
  
• Adsorption of nitrosamines in acidic solution by zeolites
  
  
• Effect on vitamin & trace element concentrations in blood, liver & kidneys of sows

see also: • RECEPTOL home page